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| Citation: | MA Yuxin, HAI Yu, LI Zhongyu, et al. 3D high-resolution imaging algorithm with sparse trajectory for millimeter-wave radar[J]. Journal of Radars, 2023, 12(5): 1000–1013. doi: 10.12000/JR23001
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3D High-resolution Imaging Algorithm with Sparse Trajectory for Millimeter-wave Radar
DOI: 10.12000/JR23001
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Abstract
In recent years, millimeter-wave radar has been widely used in safety detection, nondestructive detection of parts, and medical diagnosis because of its strong penetration ability, small size, and high detection accuracy. However, due to the limitation of hardware transmission bandwidth, achieving ultra-high two-dimensional resolution using millimeter-wave radar is challenging. Two-dimensional high-resolution imaging of altitude and azimuth can be realized using radar platform scanning to form a two-dimensional aperture. However, during the scanning process, the millimeter-wave radar produces sparse tracks in the height dimension, resulting in a sparse sampling of the altitude echo, thus reducing the imaging quality. In this paper, a high-resolution three-dimensional imaging algorithm for millimeter-wave radar based on Hankel transformation matrix filling is proposed to solve this problem. The matrix filling algorithm restores the sparse sampling echo, which guarantees the imaging accuracy of the millimeter-wave radar in the scanning plane. First, the low-rank prior characteristics of the millimeter-wave radar's elevation-range section were analyzed. To solve the problem of missing whole rows and columns of data during sparse trajectory sampling, the echo data matrix was reconstructed using the Hankel transform, and the sparse low-rank prior characteristics of the constructed matrix were analyzed. Furthermore, a matrix filling algorithm based on truncated Schatten-p norm combining low-rank and sparse priors was proposed to fill and reconstruct the echoes to ensure the three-dimensional resolution of the sparse trajectory millimeter-wave radar. Finally, using simulation and several sets of measured data, the proposed method was proved to achieve high-resolution three-dimensional imaging even when only 20%–30% of the height echo was used. -
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References
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- Figure 1. Geometric configuration of sparse trajectory millimeter wave radar
- Figure 2. Diagram of sampling layout
- Figure 3. Diagram of Hankel structural transformation
- Figure 4. Flow diagram of imaging method
- Figure 6. Different methods of height-distance section matrix restoration
- Figure 5. Multi-point target layout and imaging diagram
- Figure 7. Imaging results of point targets with different sparsity trajectories
- Figure 8. Height profile comparison of center points under 20% sparse trajectory
- Figure 9. System and target diagram[28]
- Figure 10. Location diagram of sparse trajectory with a sparsity of 20%
- Figure 11. Images of lemon core
- Figure 12. Location diagram of sparse trajectory with different sparsity
- Figure 13. Imaging results of different targets with different sparse trajectories