3D Point Cloud from Millimeter-wave Radar for Human Action Recognition: Dataset and Method

Millimeter-wave radar is increasingly being adopted for smart home systems, elder care, and surveillance monitoring, owing to its adaptability to environmental conditions, high resolution, and privacy-preserving capabilities. A key factor in effectively utilizing millimeter-wave radar is the analysis of point clouds, which are essential for recognizing human postures. However, the sparse nature of these point clouds poses significant challenges for accurate and efficient human action recognition. To overcome these issues, we present a 3D point cloud dataset tailored for human actions captured using millimeter-wave radar (mmWave-3DPCHM-1.0). This dataset is enhanced with advanced data processing techniques and cutting-edge human action recognition models. Data collection is conducted using Texas Instruments (TI)’s IWR1443-ISK and Vayyar's vBlu radio imaging module, covering 12 common human actions, including walking, waving, standing, and falling. At the core of our approach is the point EdgeConv and transformer (PETer) network, which integrates edge convolution with transformer models. For each 3D point cloud frame, PETer constructs a locally directed neighborhood graph through edge convolution to extract spatial geometric features effectively. The network then leverages a series of transformer encoding models to uncover temporal relationships across multiple point cloud frames. Extensive experiments reveal that the PETer network achieves exceptional recognition rates of 98.77% on the TI dataset and 99.51% on the Vayyar dataset, outperforming the traditional optimal baseline model by approximately 5%. With a compact model size of only 1.09 MB, PETer is well-suited for deployment on edge devices, providing an efficient solution for real-time human action recognition in resource-constrained environments.