基于多目标跟踪的相控阵雷达波束和驻留时间联合分配方法

王祥丽; 易伟; 孔令讲

doi:10.12000/JR17045

基于多目标跟踪的相控阵雷达波束和驻留时间联合分配方法

DOI: 10.12000/JR17045

电子科技大学电子工程学院成都 611731

基金项目: 长江学者奖励计划，中央高校基本科研基金（ZYGX2016J031），中国博士后科学基金面上基金（2014M550465），特别资助基金（2016T90845）

详细信息

作者简介:
王祥丽(1989–)，女，河南人，电子科技大学硕士研究生，研究方向为雷达系统资源自适应管理、最优化方法及应用等

易伟：易伟(1983–)，男，四川人，电子科技大学副教授，研究方向为统计信号处理、雷达信号与数据处理、多传感器数据融合理论、弱小目标检测跟踪技术等。E-mail: kussoyi@gmail.com

孔令讲(1974–)，男，博士，电子科技大学教授，研究方向为宽带雷达系统技术、弱目标检测跟踪技术、雷达协同探测技术、相控阵激光雷达技术，科研概况：主要承担国家863、国防预研、自然基金等科研项目

通讯作者:
易伟　kussoyi@gmail.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-04-10
- 修回日期: 2017-07-17
- 网络出版日期: 2017-12-28

Joint Beam Selection and Dwell Time Allocation for Multi-target Tracking in Phased Array Radar System

School of Electronics Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China

Funds: The Changjiang Scholars Program, The Fundamental Research Funds of Central Universities (ZYGX2016J031), The Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2014M550465), The Special Grant (2016T90845)

摘要

摘要:
相控阵雷达能同时发射多个波束，其波束指向灵活，且能实现无惯性的快速扫描。为了使相控阵雷达用尽量少的系统资源去实现多个目标的同时跟踪，该文提出了一种基于多目标跟踪的波束和驻留时间联合分配方法。该方法通过建立和求解一个在各目标跟踪精度满足一定要求的前提下，最小化总波束驻留时间的非凸优化数学问题来实现资源的联合分配。贝叶斯克拉美罗界(BCRLB)为目标状态估计的误差提供了一个下界，该文推导了带有资源参数变量的BCRLB并将它作为跟踪性能的准则。随后针对上述非凸优化问题，该文提出一个先确立波束指向再分配驻留时间的两步分解算法。最后，根据资源分配结果，采用粒子滤波算法实现了多目标跟踪。仿真结果证明，和平均分配资源的固定操作方式相比，该文方法不仅能节约系统资源而且能保证坏目标的跟踪性能，体现了该文方法的有效性。
- 贝叶斯克拉美罗界(BCRLB) /
- 优化问题 /
- 资源联合分配 /
- 多目标跟踪
Abstract:
Phased array radar can simultaneously form multiple beams that can scan without inertia allowing for flexible pointing. In this paper, we propose a joint beam and dwell time allocation strategy for multi-target tracking in a phased array radar system to achieve multi-target tracking with less system resources. First, we formulate an optimization problem for minimizing the total dwell time on all targets while guaranteeing to meet a predetermined target-tracking accuracy requirement. The Bayesian Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (BCRLB) is introduced as the tracking performance metric since it provides a lower bound for the error of target state estimate. Second, after proving the optimization problem is nonconvex, we propose a two-step decomposition algorithm which is first to determine the beam pointing and then allocate the beam dwell time to solve it. Finally, we achieve multi-target tracking based on the resource allocation results. Simulation results show that our optimization strategy is effective in saving resources and is favorable for achieving a better tracking performance of worse targets as compared to an operating mode wherein uniform resource allocation occurs.
- Bayesian Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (BCRLB) /
- Optimization problem /
- Joint resource allocation strategy /
- Multiple targets tracking

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图 1 相控阵雷达多波束工作模式示意图

Figure 1. Multi-beam work mode of phased array radar system

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图 2 目标航迹与雷达位置分布图

Figure 2. Deployment of targets with respect to radar

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图 3 第2种目标RCS模型图

Figure 3. Second target RCS models

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图 4 跟踪阈值 $\eta = 200\;{\rm{m}}$ 时资源分配结果

Figure 4. Resources allocation results with tracking threshold $\eta = 200\;{\rm{m}}$

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图 5 资源分布为H₁ and S₂时的资源分配

Figure 5. Resources allocation with H₁ and S₂

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图 6 资源分布为H₂ and S₁时的资源分配

Figure 6. Resources allocation with H₂ and S₁

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图 7 资源分配后检测概率

Figure 7. Detection probability after resource allocation with different tracking thresholds

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表 1 目标初始状态及距离雷达距离

Table 1. Initial target state and distance from each target to radar

目标标号	目标位置(km)	目标速度(km/s)	距离(km)
1	(–120, 20)	(0, 0.6)	122
2	(–20, 100)	(0.7, 0)	100
3	(110, 110)	(0.3, –0.6)	150

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