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| Citation: | LIU Kang, WU Hongxuan, YI Jun, et al. Research on direct detection method and performance of single-photon counting terahertz radar[J]. Journal of Radars, 2024, 13(4): 904–916. doi: 10.12000/JR24012
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Research on Direct Detection Method and Performance of Single-photon Counting Terahertz Radar
DOI: 10.12000/JR24012
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Abstract
The conventional terahertz radar suffers from limited operation range for long-distance, noncooperative target detection due to the low transmitter power and atmospheric attenuation effect, both of which pose a hindrance in meeting the requirements of warning detection applications. To improve the radar detection capability, this paper studies an ultrasensitive target detection method based on single-photon detectors to replace traditional radar receivers. The method is expected to considerably expand the operation range of terahertz radars. First, the statistical law of the number of echo photons of a terahertz single-photon radar system is analyzed, and the echo characteristics of the target are expounded from a microscopic perspective. Furthermore, a terahertz single-photon target detection model, incorporating the characteristics of a quantum capacitor detector, is established. In addition, the mathematical expression of the target detection performance is derived, and the performance is evaluated via simulations. Further, a target detection performance curve is obtained. Finally, a time-resolved terahertz photon-counting mechanism experiment is performed, wherein we realize high-precision ranging by counting echo pulses. This work can provide support for the research and development of ultrasensitive target detection technologies and single-photon radar systems in the terahertz band. -
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References
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- Figure 1. Workflow of the direct detection method of terahertz single-photon radar
- Figure 2. Operation principle of QCD
- Figure 3. Working sequence of single-photon radar
- Figure 4. Schematic diagram of photon counting accumulation process
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Figure 5. A sub-interval
$ \Delta t $ - Figure 6. The time-of-flight histogram
- Figure 7. The detection model divided into the three cases
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Figure 8. The distribution of
$ {p_{\text{d}}} $ $ {t_{\text{d}}} $ $ {t_{\text{r}}} $ - Figure 9. Schematic diagram of the position of the pulse echo front in its corresponding sub-interval
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Figure 10. The detection probability
$ {P_{\text{D}}} $ $ {t_{\text{f}}}/\Delta t $ -
Figure 11. Detection probability as a function of
$ \Delta t $ -
Figure 12. Detection probability as a function of
$ {t_{\text{r}}} $ -
Figure 13. The detection probability and false alarm probability versus the mean signal photons
$ {N_{\text{s}}} $ $ {\lambda _{\text{n}}} $ $ 0.01{\text{ MHz}} $ $ 0.05{\text{ MHz}} $ $ 0.1{\text{ MHz}} $ $ {R_{{\text{SN}}}} $ -
Figure 14. The detection probability (PD) and false alarm probability (PFA) versus the mean signal photons
$ {N_{\text{s}}} $ -
Figure 15. The
$ {({R_{{\text{SN}}}})_{\min }} $ $ {P_{{\text{FA}}}} $ -
Figure 16.
$ {({R_{{\text{SN}}}})_{\min }} $ $ {P_{\text{D}}} $ - Figure 17. Schematic of the direct detection experimental system based on photon counting
- Figure 18. Time resolution histogram for the output of the single-photon counter in different accumulated time