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Research Progress on Three-dimensional SAR Imaging Techniques
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摘要: 常规SAR成像，平台沿直线飞行，形成直线型合成孔径，仅能获取2维图像，即3维空间中的观测场景在斜距-方位平面的2维投影，图像具有叠掩、透视缩短、阴影等畸变现象。SAR 3维成像突破了斜距-方位2维频率信息获取，能够获取第3维频率信息，实现3维分辨，可获得观测场景的散射中心在3维空间中的分布，从而解决叠掩问题，消除透视缩短、顶底倒置等几何形变现象，更直观地描述客观场景，已成为国际研究热点。该文介绍SAR 3维成像的概念和主要观测模式，分析该领域国内外研究现状和进展，重点阐述作者所在研究团队的SAR 3维成像研究进展，最后对SAR 3维成像技术进行总结和展望。Abstract: Conventional Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) moves along a straight line and forms a linear synthetic apertures. It can only obtain the two-dimensional (2-D) image of illuminated scene that is the projection of the three-dimensional (3-D) real scene onto a slant plane. The slant plane 2-D SAR image, however, suffers from layover and foreshortening effects. 3-D SAR imaging enables 3-D resolving capability by extending the acquisition of frequency information from 2-D to 3-D. It can obtain the 3-D distribution of scattering centers; therefore, it solves the geometric deformation problems of layover and foreshortening. 3-D SAR imaging has become a trending topic in research on SAR techniques worldwide. In this paper, we first introduced the concept of 3-D SAR imaging and several typical 3-D SAR imaging modes. Furthermore, it provides a discussion on research progress at home and abroad, particularly focusing on the progress of our research team. Finally, future research prospects are presented.
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Key words:
- 3-D SAR imaging /
- Multi-baseline SAR /
- Array 3-D SAR /
- Curvilinear SAR /
- Circular SAR /
- Multi-baseline Circular SAR
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图 3 多基线SAR的数据采集天线相位中心分布、频谱支撑集和点扩展函数
Figure 3. The antenna phase center distribution, spectrum support and point spread function of multi-baseline SAR
图 4 阵列下视SAR的数据采集天线相位中心分布、频谱支撑集和点扩展函数
Figure 4. The antenna phase center distribution, spectrum support and point spread function of downward-looking array SAR
图 5 圆迹SAR的数据采集天线相位中心分布、频谱支撑集和点扩展函数
Figure 5. The antenna phase center distribution, spectrum support and point spread function of circular SAR
图 6 多基线圆迹SAR的数据采集天线相位中心分布、频谱支撑集和点扩展函数
Figure 6. The antenna phase center distribution, spectrum support and point spread function of multi-baseline circular SAR
图 7 暗室多基线SAR观测的目标场景
Figure 7. The object of the multi-baseline SAR experiment in the chamber
图 8 暗室多基线3维SAR成像结果
Figure 8. 3-D imaging results of the multi-baseline SAR experiment carried out in the chamber
图 9 利用TerraSAR数据的多基线SAR 3维重建结果
Figure 9. 3-D reconstruction of the Pangu building using the TerraSAR-X multi-baseline data
图 10 BioSAR森林地区多基线SAR 3维重构结果
Figure 10. 3-D reconstruction of a forest area using the BioSAR multi-baseline data
图 11 模拟下视3-D SAR的成像几何及建筑物模型
Figure 11. Geometry of the downward-looking SAR experiment and the building model
图 14 通道一致性校正前后角反射器数据处理结果对比
Figure 14. Imaging results of the corner reflector with and without the multi-channel calibration
图 15 字母IE数据的通道一致性校正前后成像结果对比
Figure 15. Imaging results of the IE metal sheet with and without the multi-channel calibration
图 16 塔吊下视阵列原理验证系统组成框图
Figure 16. System block diagram of the tower crane downward-looking array SAR system
图 19 塔吊阵列SAR下视实验3维成像结果
Figure 19. 3-D imaging results of the tower crane downward-looking array SAR experiment
图 21 地心惯性直角坐标系下地球同步轨道圆迹SAR观测几何
Figure 21. Geo-CSAR geometry in the geocentric inertial cartesian coordinate
图 24 散射各向异性对圆迹SAR 3维分辨能力的影响
Figure 24. The effect of anisotropic property to the 3-D resolving capability of circular SAR
图 26 利用多角度图像的高程提取与利用高度信息的圆迹SAR成像
Figure 26. DEM extraction with circular SAR data and circular SAR imaging with DEM
图 30 人体模型3维成像结果
Figure 30. 3-D imaging result of a mannequin with the cylindrical scanning array radar system
表 1 不同阵列稀疏优化布局方案对比
Table 1. Comparation of different sparse array scheme
阵列布局方式 相位中心与稀疏阵列长度比 阵列稀疏率 安装要求 阵列方向图 两侧发射中间接收收
发分置$\frac{{2MN - 1}}{{2M\left( {N + 1} \right) - 2}}$ $1 - \frac{{2M + N}}{{2MN}}$ 阵元相对安装位置
要求严格无模糊成像范围内
低旁瓣两侧接收中间发射收
发分置$\frac{{\left( {MN - 1} \right)}}{{2M\left( {N - 1} \right)}}$ $1 - \frac{{M + N}}{{MN}}$ 阵元相对安装位置
要求严格无模糊成像范围内
低旁瓣等效相位中心均匀收
发共用1 极限接近90% 阵元相对安装位置
要求严格无模糊成像范围内
低旁瓣等效相位中心近似均匀收
发分置因平台差异 因平台差异 阵元相对安装位置
要求不严格无模糊成像范围内旁瓣
相对较低
下载: 导出CSV
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[Ph.D. dissertation], University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2012. -
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