多雷达协同探测技术研究进展：认知跟踪与资源调度算法

易伟; 袁野; 刘光宏; 葛建军; 孔令讲; 杨建宇

doi:10.12000/JR23036

多雷达协同探测技术研究进展：认知跟踪与资源调度算法

DOI: 10.12000/JR23036 CSTR: 32380.14.JR23036

1.
电子科技大学信息与通信工程学院成都 611731
2.
中国电子科技集团公司信息科学研究院北京 100042

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62231008, U19B2017)，中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(ZYGX2020ZB029)

详细信息

作者简介:
易　伟，博士，教授，研究方向为低可观测目标检测跟踪、多雷达协同探测等

袁　野，博士，博士后，研究方向为多雷达协同探测、雷达资源管控技术等

刘光宏，博士，研究员，研究方向为雷达总体设计、智能协同感知技术

葛建军，博士，电科集团首席科学家，研究方向为雷达探测技术、认知与智能技术

孔令讲，博士，教授，研究方向为雷达信号处理、新体制雷达、统计信号处理等

杨建宇，博士，教授，研究方向为雷达信号处理、合成孔径雷达成像等

通讯作者:
易伟 kusso@uestc.edu.cn

责任主编：丁建江 Corresponding Editor: DING Jianjiang
中图分类号: TN95
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-20
- 修回日期: 2023-06-09
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-27
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-28

Recent Advances in Multi-radar Collaborative Surveillance: Cognitive Tracking and Resource Scheduling Algorithms

1.
School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
2.
Information Science Academy of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Beijing 100042, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62231008, U19B2017), The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (ZYGX2020ZB029)

More Information

Corresponding author: YI Wei, kusso@uestc.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 多雷达协同探测技术通过有机地联动多部雷达，形成广域分布的探测构型，可充分获取空间、频率分集等探测增益，显著提升雷达系统的目标探测性能和电磁干扰环境顽存能力，是雷达技术领域重点发展的方向之一。近年来，国内外针对多雷达协同探测技术开展了广泛研究，在系统架构设计、信号处理、资源调度等技术方向积累了诸多研究成果。该文首先总结了多雷达协同探测技术的概念内涵，阐述了其基于信号处理闭环反馈的协同机制，分析了其实现过程中所面临的技术挑战；随后，聚焦于认知跟踪与资源调度算法，从内涵特点、系统构成、跟踪模型、信息融合、性能评估、调度算法、优化准则、认知流程等方面进行了技术总结，并分析了协同认知跟踪及其与系统资源调度的关系；接着从雷达资源要素、信息融合架构、跟踪性能指标、资源调度模型、复杂任务场景5个方面梳理和总结了协同认知跟踪与资源调度算法近年来的研究进展；最后总结全文并展望了该领域未来技术的发展趋势，旨在为后续的相关技术研究提供参考。
- 多雷达协同探测 /
- 认知跟踪 /
- 资源调度 /
- 认知雷达
Abstract: Multi-Radar Collaborative Surveillance (MRCS) technology enables a geographically distributed detection configuration through the linkage of multiple radars, which can fully obtain detection gains in terms of spatial and frequency diversity, thereby enhancing the detection performance and viability of radar systems in the context of complex electromagnetic environments. MRCS is one of the key development directions in radar technology and has received extensive attention in recent years. Considerable research on MRCS has been conducted, and numerous achievements in system architecture design, signal processing, and resource scheduling for MRCS have been accumulated. This paper first summarizes the concept of MRCS technology, elaborates on the signal processing-based closed-loop mechanism of cognitive collaboration, and analyzes the challenges faced in the process of MRCS’s implementation. Then, the paper focuses on cognitive tracking and resource scheduling algorithms and implements the technical summary regarding the connotation characteristics, system configuration, tracking model, information fusion, performance evaluation, resource scheduling algorithm, optimization criteria, and cognitive process of cognitive tracking. The relevance between multi-radar cognitive tracking and its system resource scheduling is further analyzed. Subsequently, the recent research trends of cognitive tracking and resource scheduling algorithms are identified and summarized in terms of five aspects: radar resource elements, information fusion architectures, tracking performance indicators, resource scheduling models, and complex task scenarios. Finally, the full text is summarized and future technology in this field is explored to provide a reference for subsequent research on related technologies.
- Multi-Radar Collaborative Surveillance (MRCS) /
- Cognitive target tracking /
- Resources management /
- Cognitive radar

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1. 引言

基于导航卫星的双基地SAR(Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar based on Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS-BSAR)是空-地双基地SAR中一种典型的应用^[1]，使用在轨的导航卫星作为发射源，地面部署接收机(地基、车载、机载)构成双基地SAR系统^[2]。由于导航星座的日趋完善，其全球覆盖性以及重轨特性所带来的优势是其他照射源暂时所不能替代的，其中以地基接收机为主的导航卫星干涉合成孔径雷达(Interference Synthetic Aperture Radar based on the Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS-InSAR)在场景形变监测领域有着广阔的应用前景^[3]，成为了近年来研究热点。

在GNSS-BSAR系统成像方面，已有研究者分别使用不同的导航卫星星座进行了成像验证，包括了北斗^[4,5]、GPS^[6]、格洛纳斯^[7]、伽利略^[8]。除此以外文献[9]还提出了多角度融合方法以增强图像信噪比。在形变监测方面，来自伯明翰大学的学者们^[10]使用直达波天线，配合长约50 m的线缆构建了理想点目标，并使用格洛纳斯作为发射源，首次实现了精度约为1 cm的1维形变反演结果。该实验初步验证了GNSS-InSAR应用于形变监测的可行性。为了进一步验证场景形变监测的可能，2017年文献[11]通过对接收机进行高精度移位来模拟场景建筑形变，成功反演出了形变，精度约为1 cm。在3维形变方面，2018年北京理工大学的技术团队^[12]通过人为构建转发器，进行了精度可控的强点目标形变模拟，使用我国的北斗IGSO卫星，成功实现了精度优于5 mm的3维形变反演，这些验证性实验充分表明了GNSS-InSAR应用于场景形变检测的可能。

若要实现GNSS-InSAR场景的3维形变反演，需要同时至少3颗卫星从不同角度照射场景。由于GNSS-InSAR系统的拓扑高度非对称性以及导航信号的窄带特性^[13]，加上导航卫星的重轨并非是严格意义上的重轨，除了不可避免的空间基线外，重轨时间也并非严格一致，因此在实际数据采集中，需要对系统构型以及数据采集时间进行严格的优化设计。文献[14]提出了一种联合优化方法，解决了面向大场景下的多星多角度构型优化问题，配合多个接收机实现综合分辨性能优异的大场景成像。文献[15]提出了空间去相干的理论描述框架，表明了空间去相干在GNSS-InSAR中的必要性，但未对数据采集时间进行说明。从当前实际情况出发，不精确的数据采集时间可能会造成存储资源浪费，空间去相干导致的数据截取进一步降低了数据有效性。具体如图1所示：

图 1 数据截取与有效数据示意图

Figure 1. Effective data interception diagram

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

针对上述问题，本文提出了一种GNSS-InSAR场景连续数据采集优化方法，通过结合当前数据的卫星轨迹和两行星历数据文件(STK Two-Line Element sets, TLE)预测轨迹，基于相干系数轨迹对齐，获取卫星重轨时间间隔，得到最优的数据采集策略，从源头上降低数据的空间去相干性，提升所采集数据有效性，节约存储资源。在第2部分对GNSS-InSAR场景数据采集优化方法进行了详细介绍。第3部分针对提出的方法进行了实验设计，开展了实测数据采集，并针对采集的数据进行了初步分析。第4部分对全文进行总结。

2. GNSS-InSAR场景数据采集优化模型

2.1 GNSS-InSAR相干系数理论模型

对于GNSS-InSAR图像而言，经过保相成像处理后，场景中任意一点 $\left( {{x_0},{y_0}} \right)$ 的像素信息分别对应分辨单元内所有散射体回波的相参叠加，可建模为

$\begin{aligned} s\left( {{x_0},{y_0}} \right) =& \iint f\left( {x,y;t} \right){\rm{exp}}\left[ {{\rm{ - j}}\frac{{2{\rm{\pi}} }}{\lambda }r\left( {x,y;{ P}} \right)} \right]\\ & \cdot {W}\left( {{x - }{{x}_0}{,y - }{{y}_0};{ P}} \right){\rm{d}}{x}{\rm{d}}{y} +{n}\left( {{{x}_0},{{y}_0};{t}} \right)\\ \end{aligned}$

(1)

其中， ${f}\left( {{x},{y};{t}} \right)$ 为时间 $t$ 下的地表散射系数， ${{P}}$ 为对应的合成孔径中心位置矢量， ${W}\left( {{x},{y};{ P}} \right)$ 表示系统的点扩散函数(PSF), ${n}\left( {{x},{y};{t}} \right)$ 为图像的加性噪声。对于SAR图像的同名点像素，其相干系数可表示为^[16]

$\rho =\frac{{\displaystyle\iint {{{s}_{\rm{m}}}\left( {{{x}_0},{{y}_0}} \right){s}_{\rm{s}}^{\rm{*}}\left( {{{x}_0},{{y}_0}} \right){\rm{d}}{x}{\rm{d}}{y}}}}{{\sqrt {\displaystyle\iint {{{s}_{\rm{m}}}\left( {{{x}_0},{{y}_0}} \right){s}_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{*}}\left( {{{x}_0},{{y}_0}} \right){\rm{d}}{x}{\rm{d}}{y}}\displaystyle\iint {{{s}_{\rm{s}}}\left( {{{x}_0},{{y}_0}} \right){s}_{\rm{s}}^{\rm{*}}\left( {{{x}_0},{{y}_0}} \right){\rm{d}}{x}{\rm{d}}{y}}} }}$

(2)

其中，下标m表示主图像， ${\rm{s}}$ 表示辅图像。根据柯西不等式可以判断： $0 \le \rho \le 1$ ，当 $\rho = 0$ 时表示同名点完全不相干，当 $\rho = 1$ 时，同名点完全相干。

将点目标像素模型式(1)带入到式(2)并化简得到

$\rho =\frac{\displaystyle\iint{{{s}_{{\rm av}}}\left( x,y \right){\rm exp}\left[ -{\rm j}\frac{2{\rm{\pi}} }{\lambda }\bigr( r\left( x,y;{{{P}}_{{\rm m}}} \bigr)-r\left( x,y;{{{P}}_{{\rm s}}} \right) \right) \right]}{{\Bigr| W\left( x-{{x}_{0}},y-{{y}_{0}};{{{P}}_{{\rm m}}} \right) \Bigr|}^{2}}{\rm d}x{\rm d}y}{\sqrt{\begin{array}{l} \left( \displaystyle\iint{{{s}_{{\rm m}}}\left( x,y \right){\rm exp}\left[ -{\rm j}\frac{2{\rm{\pi}} }{\lambda }r\left( x,y;{{{{P}}}_{{\rm m}}} \right) \right]}{{\Bigr| W\left( x-{{x}_{0}},y-{{y}_{0}};{{{P}}_{{\rm m}}} \right) \Bigr|}^{2}}{\rm d}x{\rm d}y+{{n}_{{\rm m}}} \right) \\ \times\left( \displaystyle\iint{{{s}_{{\rm s}}}\left( x,y \right){\rm exp}\left[ {\rm +j}\frac{2{\rm{\pi}} }{\lambda }r\left( x,y;{{{P}}_{{\rm s}}} \right) \right]}{{\Bigr| W\left( x-{{x}_{0}},y-{{y}_{0}};{{{P}}_{{\rm m}}} \right) \Bigr|}^{2}}{\rm d}x{\rm d}y+{{n}_{{\rm s}}} \right) \end{array}}}$

(3)

式(3)的推导使用了如下近似：

(1) 由于导航卫星的高轨道特性，使得 ${W}\left( {x - }{{x}_0},\right.$ $\left.{{y - }{{y}_0};{{ P}_{\rm{m}}}} \right) \approx {W}\left( {{x - }{{x}_0},{y - }{{y}_0};{{ P}_{\rm{s}}}} \right)$ 成立；

(2) 相邻两天的噪声相干系数为0，即

${n}\left( {{{x}_0},{{y}_0};{{t}_{\rm{m}}}} \right) \times {n}\left( {{{x}_0},{{y}_0};{{t}_{\rm{s}}}} \right) = 0$

(4)

(3) 相邻两天的目标散射系数为 ${{s}_{{\rm{av}}}}\left( {{x},{y}} \right)$ ，即

${{s}_{{\rm{av}}}}\left( {{x},{y}} \right) \approx {f}\left( {{x},{y};{{t}_{\rm{m}}}} \right){{f}^{\rm{*}}}\left( {{x},{y};{{t}_{\rm{s}}}} \right)$

(5)

对式(3)中的相干系数 $\rho$ 进一步分解得到

$\rho = {\rho _{{\rm{th}}}} \times {\rho _{{\rm{ti}}}} \times {\rho _{{\rm{sp}}}}$

(6)

其中，热噪声相干系数 ${\rho _{{\rm{th}}}}$ 与时间相干系数 ${\rho _{{\rm{ti}}}}$ 分别由系统与实际目标决定。

对于PS点^[17]而言，地表散射系数相对稳定，不随时间变化，同时为了便于后续分析，假定散射系数为1得到空间相干系数 ${\rho _{{\rm{sp}}}}$ 的简化式为

${\rho _{{\rm{sp}}}} = \frac{{\displaystyle\iint {{\rm{exp}}\left[ {{ - }{\rm{j}}\dfrac{{2{\rm{\pi}} }}{\lambda }\bigr( {{r}\left( {{x},{y};{{ P}_{\rm{m}}}} \right){ - r}\left( {{x},{y};{{ P}_{\rm{s}}}} \right)} \bigr)} \right]{{\Bigr| {{W(x - }{{x}_0},{y - }{{y}_0};{{ P}_{\rm{m}}}{)}} \Bigr|}^2}{\rm{d}}{x}{\rm{d}}{y}}}}{{\sqrt {\left( {\displaystyle\iint {{{\Bigr| {{W}\left( {{x - }{{x}_0},{y - }{{y}_0};{{ P}_{\rm{m}}}} \right)} \Bigr|}^2}{\rm{d}}{x}{\rm{d}}{y}}} \right)\left( {\displaystyle\iint {{{\Bigr| {{W(x - }{{x}_0},{y - }{{y}_0};{{ P}_{\rm{m}}}{)}} \Bigr|}^2}{\rm{d}}{x}{\rm{d}}{y}}} \right)} }}$

(7)

从式(7)推导结果可以知道，空间基线主要是影响 ${r}\left( {{x},{y};{ P}} \right)$ 从而导致空间去相干。

2.2 数据采集优化模型

导航卫星的重轨时间并非稳定不变，因此需要对数据采集时间进行有效预测，从源头上降低空间去相干，提高数据有效性。

假定主图像数据采集时间为 ${{t}_{\rm{m}}}$ ，该采集时间可以通过文献[14]中的广义优化模型进行求解，辅图像数据采集时间为 ${{t}_{\rm{s}}}={{t}_{\rm{m}}}+\Delta {t}$ , $\Delta t$ 为时间间隔，那么最优化数据采集模型可通过式(7)推导而来

$\begin{split} \Delta {t }=&{\rm{arg}}\;{\rm{max}}\left\{ \iint {{\left| {{\widetilde W}\left( {{x},{y};{{ P}_{\rm{m}}}} \right)} \right|}^2} {\rm{exp}}\left[ {{ - }{\rm{j}}\frac{{2{\rm{\pi}} }}{\lambda }\bigr( {{r}\left( {{x},{y};{{ P}_{\rm{m}}}} \right){ - r}\left( {{x},{y};{ P}\left( {{{t}_{\rm{m}}}+\Delta {t}} \right)} \right)} \bigr)} \right] {\rm{d}}{x}{\rm{d}}{y} \right\} \end{split}$

(8)

其中， ${\widetilde W}\left( {{x},{y};{{ P}_{\rm{m}}}} \right)$ 为 ${t_{\rm{m}}}$ 下等效归一化PSF, ${ P}\left( {{{t}_{\rm{m}}} +}\right.$ $\left.\Delta {t} \right)$ 为 $\Delta {t}$ 时间偏置下得合成孔径中心位置矢量。

第1天数据采集需要进行实验设计以确定最优数据采集时刻，往后的重轨天数据采集可以根据数据采集优化模型，同时结合星历文件进行预测。整体的预测流程如图2所示， ${n}$ 为任意一天采集的数据， ${k}$ 为重轨天数间隔。

图 2 GNSS-InSAR数据采集时间优化流程

Figure 2. Time optimization process of GNSS-InSAR data acquisition

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实际卫星位置对应的实际时间设为 ${{t}_{n}}$ ，经过模型优化得到的时间偏差为 $\Delta {t}$ ，那么第 ${n} + {k}$ 天对应的实际数据采集时间可表示为

${{t}_{{n}+{k}}} = {{t}_{n}} + \Delta {t}$

(9)

3. 实验验证

3.1 GNSS-InSAR场景3维形变反演实验设计

对于固定场景的形变监测，首次数据采集的时候需要严格设计系统构型，使分辨率达到最优化。本次实验接收机部署在北京理工大学信息科学试验楼楼顶西北角，实施监测场景位于西偏北30°。使用理论分辨率计算公式^[18]对该场景进行分辨率设计。仿真参数具体参见表1。

表 1 数据采集试验仿真参数

Table 1. Data acquisition test simulation parameters

参数	值
照射源	北斗 IGSO1～5
PRF	1000 Hz
带宽	10.23 MHz
合成孔径时间	600 s
TLE文件更新日期	2019年4月29日
预定数据采集日期	2019年4月30日

下载: 导出CSV

| 显示表格

以分辨单元面积作为判定依据，得到预定采集日期当天全时段下各个卫星在预定场景下所能得到的分辨单元面积如图3所示。

图 3 全时段下场景分辨单元面积

Figure 3. Scene resolution unit area in full time

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为了实现3维形变反演，需要同一时间下有3颗卫星对场景进行照射。图3中10点前后与17点前后满足当前场景上空有3颗IGSO卫星可见的条件。更进一步，为了使分辨单元面积达到最优，可以得到具体的数据采集时间。具体如图4红框标注，分别是9点30分前后与17点30分前后。

图 4 首次数据采集时间设计结果

Figure 4. Design results of first data acquisition time

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为了配合实验，在场景布置转发器，整体的系统构型如图5所示。

图 5 GNSS-InSAR场景3维形变反演实验拓扑构型设计结果

Figure 5. GNSS-InSAR topological configuration design results of 3D deformation retrieval experiment

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3.2 重轨数据采集时间优化

以2019年4月30日采集的实测数据作为第 ${n}$ 天数据，对于北斗的IGSO而言，重轨时间约为1天，即 ${m}$ =1，同时下载当天最新的TLE文件。以IGSO1为例，结合图2进行详细说明：

(1) 使用实测数据的直达波进行卫星位置解算，同时根据TLE文件推算当天和相邻天的卫星轨迹。经过相干系数轨迹匹配之后，得到的轨迹如图6所示。

图 6 对齐后的TLE卫星轨迹与实测数据卫星轨迹

Figure 6. Aligned TLE satellite trajectory and measured data satellite trajectory

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(2) 以匹配得到的TLE卫星轨迹作为参考，对重轨天的TLE卫星轨迹进行数据采集优化模型求解，系统的PSF与优化模型仿真结果分别如图7与图8所示。

图 7 场景[–147, 20, 0]处理论PSF

Figure 7. Theoretical PSF in scene at position of [–147, 20, 0]

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图 8 数据采集优化模型仿真结果

Figure 8. Simulation results of data acquisition optimization model

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对图8的结果分析可知，第1个峰值点为其本身，由于空间基线为0，相干系数为1。第2个峰值点相干系数为0.999644，满足除了第1个峰值点外相邻天相干系数最大值条件，因此第2个峰值点就是最佳重轨时的空间相干系数。此时经过模型优化得到的时间间隔为： $\Delta t = 86163\;{\rm{s}} = 23\;{\rm{h}}\;56\;\min 3\;{\rm{s}}$ ，结合第1天的实测数据轨迹对应的时间 ${t_1} = 9\;{\rm{h}}\;26\;\min \;0\;{\rm{s}}$ ，第2天准确的数据采集时间为： ${t_2} = 9\;{\rm{h}}\;22\;\min 3\;{\rm{s}}$ 。

3.3 结果分析

为了说明优化结果的正确性，在实验场景中放置转发器模拟理想点目标(图5)，同时按照优化后的时间进行5月1日数据采集。实际采集时间为 $9\;{\rm{h}}\;21\;\min \;53\;{\rm{s}}$ ，总采集时间约650 s。相邻两天的空间相干系数轨迹匹配结果如图9所示。

图 9 实测数据重轨空间相干系数

Figure 9. The spatial coherence coefficient of measured data

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从图9中峰值点位置来看，重轨数据采集优化模型得到的结果和实际结果相吻合。为了进一步说明，图10给出了IGSO1卫星实测数据成像结果。

图 10 场景成像结果

Figure 10. Imaging results of scene

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对相邻两天的图像相干系数进行求解，得到图11所示结果。在同一坐标系下，仿真目标位于[–147, 20, 0]，空间相干系数为0.999644；转发器位于[–147, 20, 0]，相干系数为0.9996；两者的相干系数基本保持一致。

图 11 相干系数结果

Figure 11. Coherence coefficient result

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图9与图10的结果表明经过数据采集优化模型后得到的时间间隔与实际卫星轨迹的重轨时间相互吻合，在保证600 s预期合成孔径时间下，可以最大限度减少数据采集时间，节约存储资源。同时避免后期由于数据对齐带来的数据有效性降低问题。

4. 结论

在GNSS-InSAR场景1维/3维形变反演应用中，针对由于导航卫星重轨时间的非严格一致性与有效数据截取带来的数据冗余，数据有效性低等问题，本文提出了一种面向GNSS-InSAR场景数据采集的优化模型，采用实测数据与TLE文件相结合，根据当天数据采集时间，预测相邻天重轨时间，从而实现精确的数据采集。实测数据验证结果表明了数据采集时间优化模型的正确性。该方法的提出有利于GNSS-InSAR场景1维/3维形变反演实验的开展，在降低原始数据冗余度基础上，保证了有效数据时间长度大于预期合成孔径时间。

图 1 复杂电磁环境下多雷达协同对空探测示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of multi-radar collaborative air surveillance in complex electromagnetic environment

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图 2 多雷达协同探测示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of multi-radar collaborative surveillance

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图 3 多雷达协同认知闭环构建

Figure 3. Cognitive closed-loop for multi-radar collaborative surveillance

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图 4 多雷达协同探测的信号处理认知闭环

Figure 4. Cognitive closed-loop for the signal processing of multi-radar collaborative surveillance

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图 5 多雷达协同探测及资源调度算法处理流程的认知闭环

Figure 5. Cognitive closed-loop for the processing of multi-radar collaborative surveillance and resource allocation algorithms

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图 6 认知跟踪算法与传统融合跟踪算法的区别

Figure 6. The difference between traditional target tracking and recognitive tracking algorithms

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图 7 多雷达协同多目标跟踪场景

Figure 7. Scenario of multi-radar collaborative target tracking

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图 8 网络化MIMO雷达多目标跟踪场景意图

Figure 8. Scenario of multi-target tracking with netted MIMO radar

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图 9 多雷达协同信息融合架构

Figure 9. Multi-radar information fusion architectures

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图 10 资源调度为基础的雷达认知跟踪闭环的处理流程

Figure 10. Resource allocation-based processing flow of the radar cognitive tracking

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图 11 3类可能的目标状态估计结果^[126]

Figure 11. Three possible results of target state estimation^[126]

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图 12 网络化MIMO雷达多目标跟踪场景^[23]

Figure 12. Multi-target tracking scenario using netter MIMO radar^[23]

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图 13 MinMax和QoS模型下多目标跟踪性能对比^[23]

Figure 13. Multi-target tracking performance comparison between MinMax and QoS models^[23]

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图 14 MinMax和QoS模型下资源分配结果对比(归一化发射功率)^[23]

Figure 14. Resource allocation comparison between MinMax and QoS models (normalized transmit power)^[23]

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图 15 直接资源最小化和QoS模型下多目标跟踪性能对比^[33]

Figure 15. Multi-target tracking performance comparison between Direct resoure minimization and QoS models^[33]

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表 1 文献[23]中QoS模型3种不同参数设置

Table 1. The 3 different parameters setting for the QoS model in Ref. [23]

参数	$\left[ {\eta _k^1,\eta _k^2,\eta _k^3,\eta _k^4} \right]$	$\left[ {{\varpi ^1},{\varpi ^2},{\varpi ^3},{\varpi ^4}} \right]$
参数设置1	[60 m, 60 m, 120 m, 240 m]	[0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25]
参数设置2	[60 m, 60 m, 60 m, 240 m]	[0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25]
参数设置3	[60 m, 60 m, 60 m, 240 m]	[0.40, 0.10, 0.40, 0.10]

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1. 引言
2. GNSS-InSAR场景数据采集优化模型
2.1 GNSS-InSAR相干系数理论模型
2.2 数据采集优化模型
3. 实验验证
3.1 GNSS-InSAR场景3维形变反演实验设计
3.2 重轨数据采集时间优化
3.3 结果分析
4. 结论

多雷达协同探测技术研究进展：认知跟踪与资源调度算法

DOI: 10.12000/JR23036 CSTR: 32380.14.JR23036

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易伟 kusso@uestc.edu.cn

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Recent Advances in Multi-radar Collaborative Surveillance: Cognitive Tracking and Resource Scheduling Algorithms

Corresponding author: YI Wei, kusso@uestc.edu.cn

1. 引言

2. GNSS-InSAR场景数据采集优化模型

2.1 GNSS-InSAR相干系数理论模型

2.2 数据采集优化模型

3. 实验验证

3.1 GNSS-InSAR场景3维形变反演实验设计

3.2 重轨数据采集时间优化

3.3 结果分析

4. 结论

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目录

1. 引言

2. GNSS-InSAR场景数据采集优化模型

2.1 GNSS-InSAR相干系数理论模型

2.2 数据采集优化模型

3. 实验验证

3.1 GNSS-InSAR场景3维形变反演实验设计

3.2 重轨数据采集时间优化

3.3 结果分析

4. 结论

期刊介绍

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多雷达协同探测技术研究进展：认知跟踪与资源调度算法

DOI: 10.12000/JR23036 CSTR: 32380.14.JR23036

通讯作者: 易伟 kusso@uestc.edu.cn

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Recent Advances in Multi-radar Collaborative Surveillance: Cognitive Tracking and Resource Scheduling Algorithms

Corresponding author: YI Wei, kusso@uestc.edu.cn

1. 引言

2. GNSS-InSAR场景数据采集优化模型

2.1 GNSS-InSAR相干系数理论模型

2.2 数据采集优化模型

3. 实验验证

3.1 GNSS-InSAR场景3维形变反演实验设计

3.2 重轨数据采集时间优化

3.3 结果分析

4. 结论

计量

出版历程

目录

1. 引言

2. GNSS-InSAR场景数据采集优化模型

2.1 GNSS-InSAR相干系数理论模型

2.2 数据采集优化模型

3. 实验验证

3.1 GNSS-InSAR场景3维形变反演实验设计

3.2 重轨数据采集时间优化

3.3 结果分析

4. 结论

期刊介绍

联系我们

通讯作者:
易伟 kusso@uestc.edu.cn