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摘要: 可重构电磁超表面是电磁超表面领域广受关注的热点方向。将可控器件/材料引入超表面设计，可重构超表面的电磁调控性能可以实时灵活动态控制。这极大丰富了超表面的功能，有力推动了超表面由理论设计向工程应用突破。近年来该团队持续关注电磁超表面的最新发展，围绕微波频段的可重构超表面，从理论、技术与应用3个层面开展探索研究。该文首先梳理了国内外在该领域的研究历程，然后从可重构超表面对电磁波的幅度、相位和极化特性调控及其应用等方面着手，综述了该团队在该领域的研究成果，并给出对未来工作的展望。Abstract: Recently, reconfigurable metasurfaces have attracted intense attention in the field of electromagnetic metasurfaces. Compared with other metasurfaces, reconfigurable metasurfaces that uses steerable devices or materials to control the electromagnetic wave in real time are more versatile and show great promise in engineering applications. Our team has continuously explored advances of reconfigurable metasurfaces and also studied the microwave region from the perspectives of theory, technique and applications. This study reviews the research history of reconfigurable metasurfaces and summarizes some of our previous works, including a study on the amplitude, phase and polarization modulation of electromagnetic waves and their applications. Finally, the study discusses future challenges and possibilities for reconfigurable metasurfaces.
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Key words:
- Electromagnetic metasurface /
- Reconfigurable /
- Electromagnetic control /
- Antenna /
- Vortex beam
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图 3 电可控Hilbert吸波可重构超表面反射系数
Figure 3. Reflectivity of the reconfigurable Hilbert metasurface absorber
图 8 超宽带低损耗相位可重构超表面结构
Figure 8. Ultra-wideband and low-loss phase reconfigurable metasurface
图 11 X频段超表面编码状态与极化可重构性能
Figure 11. Coding matrix and polarization reconfigurable properties of the X-band metasurface
图 12 宽带线-线极化可重构超表面及其功能
Figure 12. Wideband linear-to-linear polarization reconfigurable metasurface and its properties
图 13 宽带多极化可重构超表面及其功能
Figure 13. Wideband multi-polarization reconfigurable metasurface and its properties
图 14 超宽带多极化可重构超表面单元
Figure 14. Ultra-wideband multi-polarization reconfigurable metasurface unit cell
图 15 超宽带紧凑型多极化可重构超表面单元
Figure 15. Ultra-wideband multi- polarization compact reconfigurable metasurface unit cell
图 20 16×16可重构超表面及产生的涡旋场
Figure 20. 16×16 reconfigurable metasurface and the generated vortex field
表 1 电控可重构实现技术
Table 1. Technologies for the implementation of electronic control reconfigurability
参数 集总元件 功能材料 PIN二极管 压控/变容二极管 射频MEMS 液晶 石墨烯 砷化镓 技术成熟度 + + 0 0 – – 偏置复杂度 – – + 0 + 控制 数字(1 V) 模拟(0～30 V) 数字(60 V) 模拟 模拟 模拟 成本 + + 0 0 0 – 损耗(微波) – – + – – – 功耗 – + + 0 + 速度 +(ns) +(ns) 0(ms) – + 线性度 0 – + 0 – 可用度 商用 商用 多数需定制 特殊设备 注：+：好；0：中；–：差。 
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