L波段机载重轨干涉SAR系统及其试验研究

鲁加国 陶利 钟雪莲 张佳佳 沈明星 刘志坤

鲁加国, 陶利, 钟雪莲, 等. L波段机载重轨干涉SAR系统及其试验研究[J]. 雷达学报, 2019, 8(6): 804–819. doi: 10.12000/JR19078
引用本文: 鲁加国, 陶利, 钟雪莲, 等. L波段机载重轨干涉SAR系统及其试验研究[J]. 雷达学报, 2019, 8(6): 804–819. doi: 10.12000/JR19078
LU Jiaguo, TAO Li, ZHONG Xuelian, et al. The L-band airborne repeat-pass interferometric SAR system and its experimental study[J]. Journal of Radars, 2019, 8(6): 804–819. doi: 10.12000/JR19078
Citation: LU Jiaguo, TAO Li, ZHONG Xuelian, et al. The L-band airborne repeat-pass interferometric SAR system and its experimental study[J]. Journal of Radars, 2019, 8(6): 804–819. doi: 10.12000/JR19078

L波段机载重轨干涉SAR系统及其试验研究

doi: 10.12000/JR19078
基金项目: 科技部国际合作专项基金(2015DFA10270)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    鲁加国(1964–),男,安徽庐江人,研究员,博士生导师。现任中电博微电子科技有限公司副总经理,华东微电子技术研究所所长,长期从事星载、弹载和机载平台微波成像雷达及有源阵列天线研究。主要研究方向包括:雷达系统、多波段多极化共孔径阵列天线、微波光子阵列天线、数字阵列天线和封装系列天线等领域。获得国家科技进步二等奖一项,国防科技进步一等奖三项、二等奖三项,出版著作2部,发表论文70余篇。E-mail: jglu@ustc.edu.cn

    陶 利(1983–),女,安徽颍上人,博士,高级工程师。2012年在中科院对地观测与数字地球科学中心获得博士学位,现任中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所高级工程师,主要研究方向为SAR图像处理。E-mail: 4287390@qq.com

    钟雪莲(1980–),女,安徽青阳人,博士,高级工程师。2002年获浙江大学学士学位,2005年获中国科学院遥感应用研究所硕士学位,2011年获中国科学院电子学研究所博士学位,现为中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所高级工程师,主要研究方向为SAR信号处理和干涉SAR处理,目前已发表论文20余篇。E-mail: sherryzxl@163.com

    张佳佳(1986–),男,安徽宿州人,博士,高级工程师。2014年在西安电子科技大学电子工程学院获得博士学位,现任中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所高级工程师。主要研究方向为SAR系统设计,目前已发表论文十余篇。E-mail: zjjreal@126.com

    沈明星(1987–),男,安徽石台人,硕士,高级工程师。2012年在北京邮电大学获硕士学位,现任中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所高级工程师,主要研究方向为雷达总体。E-mail: shenmingxing2010@126.com

    刘志坤(1985–),男,安徽合肥人,博士,工程师。2016年在上海大学通信与信息工程学院获得博士学位,现任中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所工程师,主要研究方向为SAR系统设计,目前已发表论文9篇。E-mail: zhkun21@163.com

    通讯作者:

    钟雪莲 sherryzxl@163.com

  • 中图分类号: TN957.2

L-band Airborne Repeat-pass Interferometric SAR System and Its Experimental Study

Funds: The Special Foundation for International Cooperation of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2015DFA10270)
More Information
  • 摘要: 该文介绍了一种L波段机载重轨干涉合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统及其开展的重轨干涉SAR飞行试验与数据反演研究。重点介绍了系统内定标方法、基于差分全球定位系统/惯性测量单元(DGPS/IMU)组合导航系统的重轨干涉SAR(InSAR)成像处理方法、残余运动误差(RME)估计和补偿算法以及干涉SAR模型下高程反演方法。在实测飞行试验数据中选择了两块具有代表性的试验区域,详细分析了重轨干涉SAR数据的相干性和残余运动补偿的效果,并通过干涉反演得到试验区的高程图(DEM),利用地面测量点验证得到两试验区的高程精度分别为3.40 m和2.85 m。实验结果表明该系统具有重轨干涉SAR数据获取及高精度高程反演能力,这对机载重轨干涉SAR系统设计及重点区域地形测绘具有重要借鉴意义。在飞行航迹控制较好的情况下,该系统可用于差分干涉SAR、极化干涉SAR以及层析SAR等的研究。

     

  • 图  1  L波段机载重轨干涉SAR飞行系统

    Figure  1.  L-band SAR system for airborne repeat-pass interferometry

    图  2  系统内定标环路

    Figure  2.  Internal calibration loop of the SAR system

    图  3  飞行试验的航线设计图

    Figure  3.  Route planning for the SAR campaign

    图  4  布设于定标场内的角反射器

    Figure  4.  Corner reflectors deployed in the calibrating area

    图  5  重轨干涉飞行试验的飞行航迹图

    Figure  5.  Flight tracks for the repeat-pass interferometric campaign

    图  6  试验区重轨干涉航迹(局部)

    Figure  6.  The repeat-pass flight tracks for the test areas (partial)

    图  7  试验区1的HH极化幅度图

    Figure  7.  The amplitude image of HH polarization for the first test area

    图  8  试验区2的HH极化幅度图

    Figure  8.  The amplitude image of HH polarization for the second test area

    图  9  L波段SAR系统线性调频脉冲信号的幅相误差

    Figure  9.  The spectrum amplitude and phase errors of the chirp signal for the L-band SAR system

    图  10  距离向幅相补偿前的点目标压缩结果

    Figure  10.  The focused point image before amplitude and phase compensation

    图  11  距离向幅相误差补偿后的点目标压缩结果

    Figure  11.  The focused point image after amplitude and phase compensation

    图  12  机载重轨干涉SAR成像处理流程

    Figure  12.  The imaging diagram for airborne repeat-pass interferometric SAR

    图  13  角反射器的成像结果

    Figure  13.  The imaging results for the corner reflectors

    图  14  主、辅图像存在配准误差时,MS算法的原理示意图

    Figure  14.  The principle diagram of MS when coregistration error exists between the master and slave images

    图  15  机载重轨干涉SAR观测几何模型

    Figure  15.  The observation geometry for airborne repeat-pass interferometric SAR

    图  16  干涉SAR数据处理步骤

    Figure  16.  Data processing steps for interferometric SAR

    图  17  试验区1主、辅图像载机实际航迹与参考轨迹之间的偏移量

    Figure  17.  The displacement between the actual and referenced tracks for the first test area

    图  18  试验区1的相干系数及干涉纹图

    Figure  18.  The coherence and interferometry map for the first test area

    图  19  试验区1的相干系数统计

    Figure  19.  The coherence plot for the test area

    图  20  利用MS方法估计的主辅图像干涉条纹中的高阶残余运动误差

    Figure  20.  The high-order residual motion errors derived from the interferometric fringes with MS

    图  21  残余运动误差补偿前后的干涉纹图(去平地效应之后)

    Figure  21.  The interferometry map before and after RME compensation for the first test area (after flat-earth removing)

    图  22  残余运动补偿后生成的高程图

    Figure  22.  The derived DEM after RME compensation

    图  23  残余运动补偿前后高程的差异

    Figure  23.  The DEM difference map before and after RME compensation

    图  24  试验区2的相干系数

    Figure  24.  The coherence for the second test area

    图  25  利用MS方法估计的主辅图像干涉条纹中的高阶残余运动误差

    Figure  25.  The high-order RME derived from the interferometric fringes with MS

    图  26  试验区2残余运动补偿前后的相位图(相位解缠后)

    Figure  26.  The interferometry map before and after RME compensation for the second test area (after phase unwrapping)

    图  27  试验区2反演的DEM的3维显示图

    Figure  27.  3-dimentinal display of the derived DEM for the second test area

    表  1  组合惯导的精度

    Table  1.   Precisions of the DGPS/IMU navigation system

    实时测量精度(1σ)事后处理精度(1σ)
    航向测量精度(°)0.020.005
    姿态测量精度(°)0.0050.002
    定位测量精度(m)3~5 0.02 (水平向),
    0.05 (高度向)
    速度测量精度(m/s)0.030.05
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  L波段SAR系统参数

    Table  2.   Parameters for L-band SAR system

    系统参数数值
    波长0.23 m
    信号带宽200 MHz
    载机速度~108 m/s
    载机高度~4600 m
    天线长度(方位向,距离向)1.35 m, 0.3 m
    分辨率(方位向,距离向)1 m, 1 m
    采样间隔(方位向,距离向)~0.6 m, 0.6 m
    波束中心视角50°
    极化方式全极化
    雷达发射功率1000 W
    图像信噪比30 dB
    脉冲重复频率(PRF)1400 Hz
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  试验区重轨数据的参数

    Table  3.   Parameters for the repeat-pass SAR data

    参数试验区1试验区2
    基线长(m)28.181110.5500
    基线角(rad)1.992823.05920
    场景大小(方位向km×斜距向km)5.0×7.83.5×7.8
    主/辅图像数据获取时间12:22/11:5512:33/12:20
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  试验区1干涉反演的DEM精度评价

    Table  4.   Evaluation of the derived DEM for the first test area

    序号位置(列,行)测量值(m)结果值(m)误差(m)
    1(2808,2524)311.0316.27–5.27
    2(6324,2380)312.6311.920.68
    3(7980,2900)313.5310.542.96
    4(4284,1420)318.3317.041.26
    5(5200,1092)315.1319.39–4.29
    6(5696, 620)316.2314.641.56
    标准方差3.40 m
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  试验区2干涉反演的DEM精度评价

    Table  5.   Evaluation of the derived DEM for the second test area

    序号位置(列,行)测量值(m)结果值(m)误差(m)
    1(10334, 3012)543.0544.441.44
    2(10392, 2930)542.0536.88–5.12
    3(10398, 1276)540.4543.953.55
    4(7306, 2620)509.8508.65–1.14
    5(5746, 3970)515.2512.98–2.22
    6(2526, 2276)463.3465.241.94
    7(2558, 2274)471.9468.91–2.99
    8(1768, 2368)528.7528.29–0.41
    标准方差2.85 m
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2019-09-02
  • 修回日期:  2019-11-19
  • 网络出版日期:  2019-12-01

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