作者中心
专家审稿
责编办公
编辑办公
Near-field 3D SAR Imaging Techniques Using a Scanning MIMO Array
-
摘要: 基于扫描阵列的近场3维成像是合成孔径雷达(SAR)3维成像技术在民用领域的一种重要应用形式。“多发多收(MIMO)-扫描”体制是该领域一种独特的成像方式。相比于“单发单收(SISO)”阵列，MIMO阵列具有成像质量好、阵元利用率高、对天线间隔要求宽松以及成本低等特点。该文分别从信号模型、成像算法、实验系统和成像结果等方面介绍了“MIMO-平面扫”和“MIMO-柱面扫”两种成像体制。所得结果充分展现了该成像技术在许多场景中的巨大应用潜力。Abstract: Near-field 3-D imaging based on a scanning array is an important application of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) 3-D imaging technology for civil use. Compared with Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO) arrays, a Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) scanning system is a special imaging method characterized by high imaging quality, high array efficiency, loose requirements for antenna spacing and low cost. In this paper, two imaging regimes, namely, MIMO-planar scanning and MIMO cylindrical scanning, are described in terms of signal models, imaging algorithms, experimental systems, and imaging results. The results show the great application potential of the imaging technology in various scenarios.
-
图 1 MIMO线阵平面扫描坐标定义
Figure 1. Coordinates definitions for the “MIMO-planar scanning” regime
图 2 “MIMO-平面扫”实验原理框图
Figure 2. Experimental setup for the “MIMO-planar scanning” regime
图 5 “MIMO-平面扫”实验采用的两种阵列构型
Figure 5. Two array topologies for the “MIMO-planar scanning” experiments
图 6 “MIMO-平面扫”实验成像结果
Figure 6. Experimental imaging results of the “MIMO-planar scanning” regime
图 7 MIMO线阵柱面扫描坐标定义
Figure 7. Coordinates definitions for the “MIMO-cylindrical scanning” regime
图 8 “MIMO-柱面扫”仿真成像阵列构型
Figure 8. Array topology for the “MIMO-cylindrical scanning” simulation
图 9 柱面观测孔径及仿真用目标模型
Figure 9. Cylindrical observation aperture and the human body model
图 10 人体模型电磁计算成像结果
Figure 10. Imaging results of the human body with electromagnetic calculation data
图 11 “MIMO-柱面扫”实验原理框图
Figure 11. Experimental setup for the “MIMO-cylindrical scanning” regime
图 12 “MIMO-柱面扫”实验场景
Figure 12. Experimental scenario for the “MIMO-cylindrical scanning” regime
图 13 “MIMO-柱面扫”实验用阵列构型
Figure 13. Array topology for the “MIMO-cylindrical scanning” experiment
-
[1] 吴一戎, 洪文, 张冰尘, 等. 稀疏微波成像研究进展(科普类)[J]. 雷达学报, 2014, 3(4): 383–396. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1300.2014.14105Wu Yi-rong, Hong Wen, Zhang Bing-chen, et al. Current developments of sparse microwave imaging[J]. Journal of Radars, 2014, 3(4): 383–396. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1300.2014.14105 [2] Bi H, Liu J G, Zhang B C, et al. Baseline distribution optimization and missing data completion in wavelet-based CS-TomoSAR[J]. Science China Information Sciences, 2018, 61(4): 042302. DOI: 10.1007/s11432-016-9068-y [3] Bao Q, Peng X M, Wang Z R, et al. DLSLA 3-D SAR imaging based on reweighted gridless sparse recovery method[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2016, 13(6): 841–845. DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2016.2550057 [4] 谭维贤, 洪文, 王彦平, 等. 基于波数域积分的人体表面微波三维成像算法研究[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2009, 31(11): 2541–2545. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1146.2008.01671Tan Wei-xian, Hong Wen, Wang Yan-ping, et al. Three-dimensional microwave imaging algorithm for the surface of the human body based on wavenumber domain integration[J]. Journal of Electronics&Information Technology, 2009, 31(11): 2541–2545. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1146.2008.01671 [5] Qi Y L, Wang Y P, Peng X M, et al. Application of optimized sparse antenna array in near range 3D microwave imaging[J]. IEICE Transactions on Communications, 2013, E96.B(10): 2542–2552. [6] 徐枫, 朱莉, 刘敏. 近程毫米波全息成像技术发展综述[J]. 微波学报, 2017, 33(S1): 289–294Xu Feng, Zhu Li, and Liu Min. Reviews of short range millimeter wave holographic imaging technology[J]. Journal of Microwaves, 2017, 33(S1): 289–294 [7] 王武, 陆必应, 孙鑫, 等. 基于RMA的三维成像与二维MIMO阵设计[J]. 现代雷达, 2016, 38(2): 38–42, 65. DOI: 10.16592/j.cnki.1004-7859.2016.02.009Wang Wu, Lu Bi-ying, Sun Xin, et al. 3-D imaging and 2-D MIMO arrays design based on range migration algorithm[J]. Modern Radar, 2016, 38(2): 38–42, 65. DOI: 10.16592/j.cnki.1004-7859.2016.02.009 [8] 乔灵博, 王迎新, 赵自然, 等. 主动式近距离太赫兹人体安检技术分析[J]. 微波学报, 2015, 31(4): 93–96. DOI: 10.14183/j.cnki.1005-6122.201504019Qiao Ling-bo, Wang Ying-xin, Zhao Zi-ran, et al. Analysis of active near-field terahertz imaging for personnel surveillance[J]. Journal of Microwaves, 2015, 31(4): 93–96. DOI: 10.14183/j.cnki.1005-6122.201504019 [9] 年丰, 温鑫, 杨于杰, 等. 近场C-SAR成像系统关键技术研究[J]. 现代防御技术, 2012, 40(6): 1–4, 18. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2012.06.001Nian Feng, Wen Xin, Yang Yu-jie, et al. Key technologies of near field C-SAR imaging system[J]. Modern Defense Technology, 2012, 40(6): 1–4, 18. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2012.06.001 [10] 王子野, 乔灵博, 王迎新, 等. 高分辨力亚毫米波全息成像系统[J]. 太赫兹科学与电子信息学报, 2016, 14(6): 833–837. DOI: 10.11805/TKYDA201606.0833Wang Zi-ye, Qiao Ling-bo, Wang Ying-xin, et al. Wide-band three-dimensional submillimeter-wave holographic imaging system[J]. Journal of Terahertz Science and Electronic Information Technology, 2016, 14(6): 833–837. DOI: 10.11805/TKYDA201606.0833 [11] Farhat N H and Guard W R. Millimeter wave holographic imaging of concealed weapons[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1971, 59(9): 1383–1384. DOI: 10.1109/PROC.1971.8441 [12] 朱莉, 李兴国, 王本庆. 近程毫米波全息成像算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2011, 33(12): 2577–2581. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2011.12.02Zhu Li, Li Xing-guo, and Wang Ben-qing. Short-range millimeter wave holographic imaging algorithm[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2011, 33(12): 2577–2581. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2011.12.02 [13] 赵磊, 黄昆, 郝鑫, 等. 近场雷达成像非均匀稀疏阵设计[J]. 太赫兹科学与电子信息学报, 2017, 15(5): 707–710. DOI: 10.11805/TKYDA201705.0707Zhao Lei, Huang Kun, Hao Xin, et al. Non-uniform sparse array design in near field radar imaging[J]. Journal of Terahertz Science and Electronic Information Technology, 2017, 15(5): 707–710. DOI: 10.11805/TKYDA201705.0707 [14] 吴世有, 高航, 李超, 等. 太赫兹MIMO弧形阵列方位向成像算法研究[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2018, 40(4): 860–866. DOI: 10.11999/JEIT170630Wu Shi-you, Gao Hang, Li Chao, et al. Research on MIMO THz azimuth imaging algorithm based on arc antenna array[J]. Journal of Electronics&Information Technology, 2018, 40(4): 860–866. DOI: 10.11999/JEIT170630 [15] 杨啸宇, 高敬坤, 邓彬, 等. 基于GPU的毫米波雷达近场阵列成像技术研究[J]. 电子测量技术, 2018, 41(11): 15–19Yang Xiao-yu, Gao Jing-kun, Deng Bin, et al. Research on near field array imaging in the millimeter band based on GPU[J]. Electronic Measurement Technology, 2018, 41(11): 15–19 [16] Zhang Y, Deng B, Yang Q, et al. Near-field three-dimensional planar millimeter-wave holographic imaging by using frequency scaling algorithm[J]. Sensors, 2017, 17: 2438. DOI: 10.3390/s17102438 [17] Moulder W F, Krieger J D, Majewski J J, et al.. Development of a high-throughput microwave imaging system for concealed weapons detection[C]. Proceedings of 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology, Waltham, MA, USA, 2016: 1–6. DOI: 101109/ARRAY.2016.7832573. [18] Zhuge X and Yarovoy A G. A sparse aperture MIMO-SAR-Based UWB imaging system for concealed weapon detection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2011, 49(1): 509–518. DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2053038 [19] Gumbmann F and Schmidt L P. Millimeter-wave imaging with optimized sparse periodic array for short-range applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2011, 49(10): 3629–3638. DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2164616 [20] Sheen D, McMakin D, and Hall T. Near-field three-dimensional radar imaging techniques and applications[J]. Applied Optics, 2010, 49(19): E83–E93. DOI: 10.1364/AO.49.000E83 [21] Sheen D M, McMakin D L, and Hall T E. Three-dimensional millimeter-wave imaging for concealed weapon detection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2001, 49(9): 1581–1592. DOI: 10.1109/22.942570 [22] Zhuge X and Yarovoy A G. Three-dimensional near-field MIMO array imaging using range migration techniques[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2012, 21(6): 3026–3033. DOI: 10.1109/TIP.2012.2188036 [23] 王武. 近场MIMO雷达三维成像技术[D]. [硕士论文], 国防科学技术大学, 2015.Wang Wu. 3D Near-field imaging using MIMO radar[D]. [Master dissertation], National University of Defense Technology, 2015. [24] Ahmed S S, Genghammer A, Schiessl A, et al. Fully electronic E-band personnel imager of 2 m2 aperture based on a multistatic architecture[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2013, 61(1): 651–657. DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2228221 [25] Ahmed S S, Schiessl A, Gumbmann F, et al. Advanced microwave imaging[J]. IEEE Microwave Magazine, 2012, 13(6): 26–43. DOI: 10.1109/MMM.2012.2205772 [26] Tan K, Wu S Y, Wang Y C, et al. On sparse MIMO planar array topology optimization for UWB near-field high-resolution imaging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2017, 65(2): 989–994. DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2016.2632626 [27] Baccouche B, Agostini P, Mohammadzadeh S, et al. 3D terahertz imaging with sparse multistatic line arrays[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2017, 23(4): 8501411. DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2017.2673552 [28] Gao J K, Qin Y L, Deng B, et al. Novel efficient 3D short-range imaging algorithms for a scanning 1D-MIMO array[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2018, 27(7): 3631–3643. DOI: 10.1109/TIP.2018.2821925 [29] Gao J K, Deng B, Qin Y L, et al. An efficient algorithm for MIMO cylindrical millimeter-wave holographic 3-D imaging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2018, 66(11): 5065–5074. DOI: 1109/TMTT.2018.2859269 [30] Gao J K, Qin Y L, Deng B, et al. Terahertz wide-angle imaging and analysis on plane-wave criteria based on inverse synthetic aperture techniques[J]. Journal of Infrared,Millimeter,and Terahertz Waves, 2016, 37(4): 373–393. DOI: 10.1007/s10762-016-0249-x [31] Vaupel T and Eibert T F. Comparison and application of near-field ISAR imaging techniques for far-field Radar cross section determination[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2006, 54(1): 144–151. DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2005.861549 -
下载:
计量
- 文章访问数: 5084
- HTML全文浏览量: 2128
- PDF下载量: 509
- 被引次数: 0
