联合多方位角调频率估计的星载SAR三维成像方法

周超伟; 李真芳; 王跃锟; 解金卫

doi:10.12000/JR18094

联合多方位角调频率估计的星载SAR三维成像方法

doi: 10.12000/JR18094

西安电子科技大学雷达信号处理国家重点实验室西安 710071

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(60890072, 60725103)

详细信息

作者简介:
周超伟(1993–)，男，江西抚州人，博士生。2015年于西安电子科技大学获电子信息工程专业学士学位，现攻读西安电子科技大学信号与信息处理专业博士学位。主要研究方向为星载SAR系统设计与星载SAR多方位角信号处理等。E-mail: zcwlzyz@163.com

李真芳(1977–)，男，山东寿光人，教授，博士生导师。2006年获得西安电子科技大学信号与信息处理博士学位，现为西安电子科技大学电子工程学院教授，主要研究方向为机载/星载合成孔径雷达信号处理、InSAR系统设计。E-mail: lzf@xidian.edu.cn

王跃锟(1992–)，男，山东青岛人，博士生。2014年于哈尔滨工业大学获电子信息工程专业学士学位，现攻读西安电子科技大学信号与信息处理专业博士学位。主要研究方向为星载SAR系统设计与信号处理等。E-mail: wangyk92@163.com

解金卫(1990–)，男，山西朔州人，博士生。2014年于西安电子科技大学获遥感科学与技术专业学士学位，现攻读西安电子科技大学遥感信息科学与技术专业博士学位。主要研究方向为3维层析成像、极化干涉SAR方向等。E-mail: jwxie2012@163.com

通讯作者:
李真芳 lzf@xidian.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN957.52
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-11-12
- 修回日期: 2018-12-15
- 网络出版日期: 2018-12-28

Space-borne SAR Three-dimensional Imaging by Joint Multiple Azimuth Angle Doppler Frequency Rate Estimation

National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (60890072, 60725103)

摘要

摘要: 星载合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR)通过波束的方位向扫描可以实现单次航过的多方位观测。在多方位角观测过程中，卫星弯曲轨道可等效为长3维曲线阵列，从而具备了3维成像能力。由于多方位角观测在高度维采样的稀疏性，无法直接通过3维FFT实现无模糊成像，且目标在不同方位角SAR图像的投影与高程间的传递相对复杂。针对该问题，该文提出了联合多方位角调频率估计的星载SAR3维成像方法。该方法首先给出了不同观测方位角下多普勒调频率误差与目标高程误差间的关系，利用视错位法(Map Drift, MD)估计多普勒调频率误差。然后，联合多方位角高程估计结果提升高程估计精度。最后，利用高程估计结果恢复目标3维几何信息，从而实现3维成像。仿真实验验证了该方法的高程估计精度可达米级。
- 合成孔径雷达(SAR) /
- 多方位角观测 /
- 3维成像 /
- 调频率估计
Abstract: Using azimuth beam steering, space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can observe from multiple azimuth angle in single pass. During multiple azimuth angle observation, the satellite orbit is equivalent to long three-dimensional (3-D) curvilinear array, which has the potential for 3-D imaging. Sampling by space-borne multiple azimuth angle SAR is sparse in height dimension, which makes unambiguous 3-D imaging by 3-D fast Fourier transform infeasible. Besides, the complex relationship between the targets’ projection in multi-angle SAR images and the height error is difficult to determine. To overcome this limitation, in this paper, we present a 3-D imaging method based on joint multiple azimuth angle Doppler frequency rate estimation. First, a relationship is proposed between the height error and Doppler frequency rate at different azimuth angle. Then, the Doppler frequency modulation rate error is estimated by Map Drift (MD) technique. Next, the height estimation results of different azimuth angle are combined to improve the estimation accuracy. From the estimated height and the target location in the SAR images, 3-D geometric information is retrieved and 3-D imaging is achieved. Our simulation experiments validate that the height estimation can achieve an accuracy of few meters with the proposed method.
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) /
- Multiple azimuth angle observation /
- Three-dimensional imaging /
- Doppler frequency rate estimation

HTML全文

图 1 星载SAR多方位角观测几何示意图

Figure 1. Space-borne SAR multiple azimuth angle observation geometry

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 高度误差与下视角误差关系几何示意图

Figure 2. The geometry of height error and nadir angle error

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 多方位角观测星载SAR的3维成像方法流程图

Figure 4. The schematic diagram of space-borne SAR 3-D imaging method by multiple azimuth angle observation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同下视角对应的多普勒调频率误差与高程误差

Figure 3. The relationship between Doppler frequency error and height in different nadir angles

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 不同信噪比下的高程估计均方根误差

Figure 5. Height estimation RMSE in various signal noise ratio

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图 6 杂波仿真结果

Figure 6. Simulation result of clutter

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图 7 不同信杂比下的蒙特卡洛高程估计结果记录

Figure 7. Monte Carlo height estimation record in various signal clutter ratio

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图 8 不同信杂比下的高程估计均方根误差

Figure 8. Height estimation RMSE in various signal clutter ratio

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图 9 圆柱点阵仿真模型

Figure 9. The model of cylider scatter array

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表 1 仿真参数

Table 1. Simulation parameters

参数	数值
轨道高度(km)	514
轨道倾角(°)	97.4
雷达载频(GHz)	9.70
雷达带宽(MHz)	600
雷达波束中心下视角(°)	35
数据方位角跨度(°)	[–16, +16]
观测场景纬度(°N)	0

下载: 导出CSV

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