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摘要: 香港国际机场是世界上其中一个最繁忙的机场，其总航班升降量在2016年已超越400,000次。香港天文台除为香港国际机场提供航空气象服务外，近年亦开始利用短程激光雷达作飞机尾涡观测，并取得了初步的成果。该文介绍天文台在2014至2016年间的观测计划及初步数据分析结果，亦讨论香港国际机场飞机尾涡监测和预报技术的发展动向。Abstract: The Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) is among the busiest airports in the world, with total aircraft movement exceeding 400,000 in 2016. The Hong Kong Observatory (HKO), provider of aviation meteorological services to HKIA, has recently begun making the first sets of aircraft wake vortex observations at HKIA using short-range LIDARs. This paper briefly describes the preliminary observation results obtained from field measurements between 2014 and 2016, and discusses the way forward on the monitoring and prediction of wake vortex behaviour in Hong Kong.
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Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the terrain (contoured at 100 m separation) and major meteorological instruments surrounding the Hong Kong International Airport
Figure 2. The temporary unit of short-range LIDAR overlooking the arrival glide path of corridor 25RA at HKIA during the 2014 field campaign
Figure 3. Scanning strategies employed during the short-range LIDAR field campaign in summer 2014
Figure 4. Sample sequence of wake vortex evolution (highlighted) captured by a short-range LIDAR over 25RA during the 2014 field campaign
Figure 5. Scatterplot of estimated advection speed of identified wake vortices during the 2014 field campaign (vertical axis) against background wind speed from a nearby anemometer (horizontal axis). Please refer to the main text for more detailed descriptions
Figure 6. Scanning strategy employed for departure-corridor wake vortex observations during the SRL field campaign in 2015
Figure 7. Sample snapshot of a pair of wake vortices (highlighted) observed over corridor 25LD during the SRL field campaign in 2015
Figure 8. Sample normalised spectral intensities obtained from the permanent SRL unit of HKO during late 2016. The sharp jump near the middle of the plot corresponds to rough occurrence location of the observed wake vortices
Figure 9. Sample sequence of short-range LIDAR fixed-elevation scans (3° elevation; each planar scan completed in 20–30 seconds) during a suspected case of low-level windshear encounter related to remnant wake vortices. The trailing arrival aircraft would report an encounter of significant low-level windshear
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