阵列激光合成孔径雷达高分辨成像技术研究

汪丙南; 赵娟莹; 李威; 施瑞华; 向茂生; 周煜; 贾建军

doi:10.12000/JR22204

阵列激光合成孔径雷达高分辨成像技术研究

DOI: 10.12000/JR22204

汪丙南^{1, 2},
赵娟莹^1, ,,
李威^{1, 2},
施瑞华^{1, 2},
向茂生^{1, 2},
周煜³,
贾建军⁴

1.
中国科学院空天信息创新研究院北京 100094
2.
中国科学院大学北京 100049
3.
中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所上海 201800
4.
中国科学院上海技术物理研究所上海 200081

基金项目: 国家高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项

详细信息

作者简介:
汪丙南，博士，副研究员，主要研究方向为新体制SAR处理方法

赵娟莹，博士，副研究员，主要研究方向为SAL成像、光束传输与变换

李　威，博士生，研究方向为机载调频连续波激光雷达信号处理

施瑞华，博士生，研究方向为合成孔径激光雷达信号处理

向茂生，博士，研究员，博士生导师，主要研究方向为双天线干涉、多基线干涉、极化干涉、阵列天线干涉等理论与方法以及干涉SAR面向高精度测绘、复杂地物定位与识别、组合导航等应用技术

周　煜，博士，研究员，硕士生导师，主要研究方向为激光雷达探测、激光通信

贾建军，博士，研究员，博士生导师，主要研究方向为空间光电跟瞄系统、激光通信、激光遥感系统等

通讯作者:
赵娟莹 zhaojuanying@163.com

责任主编：邢孟道 Corresponding Editor: XING Mengdao
中图分类号: TN958.98
计量
- 文章访问数: 1163
- HTML全文浏览量: 508
- PDF下载量: 209
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-14
- 修回日期: 2022-11-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-05
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-28

Array Synthetic Aperture Ladar with High Spatial Resolution Technology

WANG Bingnan^{1, 2},
ZHAO Juanying^{1
, ,},
LI Wei^{1, 2},
SHI Ruihua^{1, 2},
XIANG Maosheng^{1, 2},
ZHOU Yu³,
JIA Jianjun⁴

1.
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
4.
Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200081, China

Funds: The Major Project of High-Resolution Earth Observation System of China

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHAO Juanying, zhaojuanying@163.com

摘要

摘要: 激光合成孔径雷达将合成孔径技术应用于激光频段，分辨率不受观测距离的限制，可实现远距离、超高分辨率成像。然而，受激光衍射极限限制，观测视场制约着激光合成孔径雷达对地观测实际应用。该文提出一种阵列激光合成孔径雷达技术体制，通过大功率阵列发射、阵列平衡探测接收、逐脉冲动态内定标实现了激光多路相干收发，成倍地扩大了成像视场。地面转台成像试验表明，成像分辨率优于3 cm(距离)×1 cm(方位)，该项技术可为激光合成孔径雷达对地观测应用奠定基础。
- 阵列 /
- 激光合成孔径 /
- 高分辨率 /
- 大幅宽
Abstract: By extending synthetic aperture technology from the microwave band to the laser wavelength, Synthetic Aperture Ladar (SAL) has long-distance imaging and extremely high spatial resolution independent of the target distance. Presently, the small field of view is the key constraint in SAL ground observation because of the laser diffraction limitation. In this paper, an array SAL technology is proposed. With high-power array transmission, array-balanced detection, and pulse-wise dynamic internal calibration, a multichannel coherent laser transceiver is realized. Meanwhile, the field of view has multiplied. The results of turntable experiments show that the imaging resolution is better than 3 cm (distance) × 1 cm (azimuth). This technology provides a scientific and technical approach to SAL with wider swath imaging in ground observation.
- Array /
- Synthetic Aperture Ladar (SAL) /
- High resolution /
- Wide swath

HTML全文

图 1 阵列SAL几何示意图

Figure 1. Geometric diagram of array SAL

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 单个光斑地面ISAL成像模型

Figure 2. The ISAL imaging model of single spot

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 阵列光学系统示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of array optical system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 光纤阵列排布方式

Figure 4. Configuration of optical fiber array

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 10路阵列激光远场椭圆光斑分布示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of far field array elliptical laser beam distribution

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 10路阵列平衡探测单元(每个单元包含4组探测器，共同接收远场1个光斑)

Figure 6. Ten channels array balanced detection unit (each unit contains four detectors, which receive a laser beam from the far field)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 ISAL实验室雷达样机

Figure 7. ISAL prototype in lab

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 点目标成像场景

Figure 8. The imaging scene of point target

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 地面成像的ISAL雷达和转台装置示意图

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of ISAL and turntable device

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 汉字“月”成像场景

Figure 10. The imaging scene of “yue”

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 字母“E”成像场景

Figure 11. The imaging scene of “E”

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 目标“AIRCAS”成像场景

Figure 12. The imaging scene of “AIRCAS”

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 拼接得到的“E”和“AIRCAS”两个目标成像结果

Figure 13. The imaging result of target “E” and “AIRCAS”

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 点目标切片分析

Table 1. Slice analysis of point target

序号	距离向分辨率(cm)	距离向PSLR	方位向分辨率(cm)	方位向PSLR
点目标1	2.79	–13.35	0.68	–18.96
点目标2	2.70	–13.97	0.65	–11.39
点目标3	2.79	–14.55	0.63	–9.47
点目标4	2.88	–14.39	0.69	–5.21
点目标5	2.79	–12.98	0.81	–12.75

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(14)

[1]	LEWIS T S and HUTCHINS H S. A synthetic aperture at optical frequencies[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1970, 58(4): 587–588. doi: 10.1109/PROC.1970.7698
[2]	MARCUS S, COLELLA B D, and GREEN T J. Solid-state laser synthetic aperture radar[J]. Applied Optics, 1994, 33(6): 960–964. doi: 10.1364/AO.33.000960
[3]	GREEN T J, MARCUS S, and COLELLA B D. Synthetic-aperture-radar imaging with a solid-state laser[J]. Applied Optics, 1995, 34(30): 6941–6949. doi: 10.1364/AO.34.006941
[4]	BASHKANSKY M, LUCKE R L, FUNK E, et al. Two-dimensional synthetic aperture imaging in the optical domain[J]. Optics Letters, 2002, 27(22): 1983–1985. doi: 10.1364/OL.27.001983
[5]	BECK S M, BUCK J R, BUELL W F, et al. Synthetic-aperture imaging laser radar: Laboratory demonstration and signal processing[J]. Applied Optics, 2005, 44(35): 7621–7629. doi: 10.1364/AO.44.007621
[6]	KRAUSE B W, BUCK J, RYAN C, et al. Synthetic aperture Ladar flight demonstration[C]. Laser Science to Photonic Applications, Baltimore, USA, 2011: 1–2.
[7]	郭亮. 合成孔径成像激光雷达实验与算法研究[D]. [博士论文], 西安电子科技大学, 2009: 43–62. GUO Liang. Study on experiment and algorithm of synthetic aperture imaging Lidar[D]. [Ph. D. dissertation], Xidian University, 2009: 43–62.
[8]	刘立人, 周煜, 职亚楠, 等. 大口径合成孔径激光成像雷达演示样机及其实验室验证[J]. 光学学报, 2011, 31(9): 0900112. doi: 10.3788/AOS201131.0900112 LIU Liren, ZHOU Yu, ZHI Ya’nan, et al. A large-aperture synthetic aperture imaging Ladar demonstrator and its verification in laboratory space[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2011, 31(9): 0900112. doi: 10.3788/AOS201131.0900112
[9]	吴谨, 杨兆省, 赵志龙, 等. 单程远场衍射合成孔径激光雷达成像实验室演示[J]. 红外与毫米波学报, 2013, 32(6): 514–518. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1010.2013.00514 WU Jin, YANG Zhaosheng, ZHAO Zhilong, et al. Synthetic aperture Ladar imaging with one-way far-field diffraction[J]. Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 2013, 32(6): 514–518. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1010.2013.00514
[10]	LI Guangzuo, WANG Ning, WANG Ran, et al. Imaging method for airborne SAL data[J]. Electronics Letters, 2017, 53(5): 351–353. doi: 10.1049/el.2016.4205
[11]	张珂殊, 潘洁, 王然, 等. 大幅宽激光合成孔径雷达成像技术研究[J]. 雷达学报, 2017, 6(1): 1–10. doi: 10.12000/JR16152 ZHANG Keshu, PAN Jie, WANG Ran, et al. Study of wide swath synthetic aperture Ladar imaging techology[J]. Journal of Radars, 2017, 6(1): 1–10. doi: 10.12000/JR16152
[12]	张波, 周煜, 孙建锋, 等. 多通道宽幅度合成孔径激光成像雷达收发装置优化研究[J]. 光学学报, 2018, 38(5): 0528002. doi: 10.3788/AOS201838.0528002 ZHANG Bo, ZHOU Yu, SUN Jianfeng, et al. Optimization research on multi-channel wide-swath synthetic aperture imaging Ladar transceiver system[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2018, 38(5): 0528002. doi: 10.3788/AOS201838.0528002
[13]	李道京, 周凯, 崔岸婧, 等. 多通道逆合成孔径激光雷达成像探测技术和实验研究[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2021, 58(18): 1811017. doi: 10.3788/LOP202158.1811017 LI Daojing, ZHOU Kai, CUI Anjing, et al. Multi-channel inverse synthetic aperture Ladar imaging detection technology and experimental research[J]. Laser &Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(18): 1811017. doi: 10.3788/LOP202158.1811017
[14]	META A, HOOGEBOOM P, and LIGTHART L. Range non-linearities correction in FMCW SAR[C]. 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Denver, USA, 2006: 403–406.