Volume 11 Issue 2
Apr.  2022
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Article Navigation >  Journal of Radars  > 2022  >  11(2): 198-212
MA Dingyou, LIU Xiang, HUANG Tianyao, et al. Joint radar and communications: Shared waveform designs and performance bounds[J]. Journal of Radars, 2022, 11(2): 198–212. doi: 10.12000/JR21146
Citation: MA Dingyou, LIU Xiang, HUANG Tianyao, et al. Joint radar and communications: Shared waveform designs and performance bounds[J]. Journal of Radars, 2022, 11(2): 198–212. doi: 10.12000/JR21146
shu

Joint Radar and Communications: Shared Waveform Designs and Performance Bounds

DOI: 10.12000/JR21146

  • Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Funds:  The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61801258, 62171259)
More Information
  • Corresponding author: LIU Yimin, yiminliu@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • Received Date: 2021-10-07
  • Accepted Date: 2022-01-11
  • Rev Recd Date: 2022-01-07
    • Available Online: 2022-01-19
  • Publish Date: 2022-03-03
    Abstract
  • Radar and communication systems are hosted on the same platform in many civilian and military applications. Traditionally, radar and communication systems are separately designed, which increases the system size, cost, and power consumption, and decreases the electromagnetic compatibility. Joint radar and communication designs, which have drawn much attention from both the academic and industrial circles, overcome these problems by implementing radar and communication systems using the same hardware. Joint radar and communications systems can be realized by resource allocation and waveform sharing. Waveform sharing schemes have become popular in recent years because they have higher spectral and power efficiency and can fundamentally avoid interference between the different systems. This paper studies the existing strategies of shared waveforms for joint radar and communications systems. The existing strategies are divided into three categories, namely: the communication waveform-based approaches, the radar waveform-based methods, and the joint design schemes. The performance bounds of the joint radar and communication systems are also reviewed to reveal the trade-off between the performance metrics of radar and communications in these systems. The potential for future research into joint radar and communication designs is also discussed.

     

    • FullText(HTML)
  • loading
    • References(80)
  • [1]
    IMT-2030(6G)推进组. 通信感知一体化技术研究报告[R]. IMT-2030(6G)推进组, 2021.

    IMT-2030(6G) Promotion Group. Research report of joint radar and communications technology[R]. IMT-2030(6G) Promotion Group, 2021.
    [2]
    LIU Fan, CUI Yuanhao, MASOUROS C, et al. Integrated sensing and communications: Towards dual-functional wireless networks for 6G and beyond[J]. arXiv: 2108.07165. http://arxiv.org/abs/2108.07165, 2021.
    [3]
    刘凡, 袁伟杰, 原进宏, 等. 雷达通信频谱共享及一体化: 综述与展望[J]. 雷达学报, 2021, 10(3): 467–484. doi: 10.12000/JR20113

    LIU Fan, YUAN Weijie, YUAN Jinhong, et al. Radar-communication spectrum sharing and integration: Overview and prospect[J]. Journal of Radars, 2021, 10(3): 467–484. doi: 10.12000/JR20113
    [4]
    PAUL B, CHIRIYATH A R, and BLISS D W. Survey of RF communications and sensing convergence research[J]. IEEE Access, 2017, 5: 252–270. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2639038
    [5]
    GAMEIRO A, CASTANHEIRA D, SANSON J, et al. Research challenges, trends and applications for future joint radar communications systems[J]. Wireless Personal Communications, 2018, 100(1): 81–96. doi: 10.1007/s11277-018-5614-8
    [6]
    ZHENG Le, LOPS M, ELDAR Y C, et al. Radar and communication coexistence: An overview: A review of recent methods[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2019, 36(5): 85–99. doi: 10.1109/MSP.2019.2907329
    [7]
    MA Dingyou, SHLEZINGER N, HUANG Tianyao, et al. Joint radar-communication strategies for autonomous vehicles: Combining two key automotive technologies[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2020, 37(4): 85–97. doi: 10.1109/MSP.2020.2983832
    [8]
    MISHRA K V, SHANKAR M R, KOIVUNEN V, et al. Toward millimeter-wave joint radar communications: A signal processing perspective[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2019, 36(5): 100–114. doi: 10.1109/MSP.2019.2913173
    [9]
    HASSANIEN A, AMIN M G, ZHANG Y D, et al. Signaling strategies for dual-function radar communications: An overview[J]. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 2016, 31(10): 36–45. doi: 10.1109/MAES.2016.150225
    [10]
    TAVIK G C, HILTERBRICK C L, EVINS J B, et al. The advanced multifunction RF concept[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2005, 53(3): 1009–1020. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2005.843485
    [11]
    Converged Collaborative Elements for RF Task Operations (CONCERTO)[R]. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, 2016.
    [12]
    MA Dingyou, SHLEZINGER N, HUANG Tianyao, et al. Bit constrained communication receivers in joint radar communications systems[C]. ICASSP 2021-2021 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Toronto, Canada, 2021: 8243–8247.
    [13]
    ZHOU Zimu, WU Chenshu, YANG Zheng, et al. Sensorless sensing with WiFi[J]. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 1–6. doi: 10.1109/TST.2015.7040509
    [14]
    HAN Liang and WU Ke. Radar and radio data fusion platform for future intelligent transportation system[C]. The 7th European Radar Conference, Paris, France, 2010: 65–68.
    [15]
    AYDOGDU C, KESKIN M F, GARCIA N, et al. RadChat: Spectrum sharing for automotive radar interference mitigation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2021, 22(1): 416–429. doi: 10.1109/TITS.2019.2959881
    [16]
    BICĂ M and KOIVUNEN V. Multicarrier radar-communications waveform design for RF convergence and coexistence[C]. ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Brighton, UK, 2019: 7780–7784.
    [17]
    MA Dingyou, HUANG Tianyao, LIU Yimin, et al. A novel joint radar and communication system based on randomized partition of antenna array[C]. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Calgary, Canada, 2018: 3335–3339.
    [18]
    MA Dingyou, SHLEZINGER N, HUANG Tianyao, et al. Spatial modulation for joint radar-communications systems: Design, analysis, and hardware prototype[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2021, 70(3): 2283–2298. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2021.3056408
    [19]
    REICHARDT L, STURM C, GRÜNHAUPT F, et al. Demonstrating the use of the IEEE 802.11P Car-to-Car communication standard for automotive radar[C]. 2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), Prague, Czech Republic, 2012: 1576–1580.
    [20]
    KUMARI P, GONZALEZ-PRELCIC N, and HEATH R W. Investigating the IEEE 802.11ad standard for millimeter wave automotive radar[C]. 2015 IEEE 82nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2015-Fall), Boston, USA, 2015: 1–5.
    [21]
    KUMARI P, CHOI J, GONZÁLEZ-PRELCIC N, et al. IEEE 802.11ad-based radar: An approach to joint vehicular communication-radar system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2018, 67(4): 3012–3027. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2017.2774762
    [22]
    MA Dingyou, SHLEZINGER N, HUANG Tianyao, et al. FRaC: FMCW-based joint radar-communications system via index modulation[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 2021, 15(6): 1348–1364. doi: 10.1109/JSTSP.2021.3118219
    [23]
    HUANG Tianyao, SHLEZINGER N, XU Xingyu, et al. Multi-carrier agile phased array radar[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2020, 68: 5706–5721. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2020.3026186
    [24]
    MA Dingyou, HUANG Tianyao, SHLEZINGER N, et al. A DFRC system based on multi-carrier agile FMCW MIMO radar for vehicular applications[C]. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), Dublin, Ireland, 2020: 1–7.
    [25]
    HUANG Tianyao, SHLEZINGER N, XU Xingyu, et al. MAJoRCom: A dual-function radar communication system using index modulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2020, 68: 3423–3438. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2020.2994394
    [26]
    MIZUI K, UCHIDA M, and NAKAGAWA M. Vehicle-to-vehicle communication and ranging system using spread spectrum technique (Proposal of Boomerang Transmission System)[C]. IEEE 43rd Vehicular Technology Conference, Secaucus, USA, 1993: 335–338.
    [27]
    TAKEDA M, TERADA T, and KOHNO R. Spread spectrum joint communication and ranging system using interference cancellation between a roadside and a vehicle[C]. VTC ’98. 48th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. Pathway to Global Wireless Revolution (Cat. No. 98CH36151), Ottawa, Canada, 1998: 1935–1939.
    [28]
    STURM C and WIESBECK W. Waveform design and signal processing aspects for fusion of wireless communications and radar sensing[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2011, 99(7): 1236–1259. doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2011.2131110
    [29]
    MIZUTANI K and KOHNO R. Inter-vehicle spread spectrum communication and ranging system with concatenated EOE sequence[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2001, 2(4): 180–191. doi: 10.1109/6979.969363
    [30]
    HAN Liang and WU Ke. Joint wireless communication and radar sensing systems – state of the art and future prospects[J]. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, 2013, 7(11): 876–885. doi: 10.1049/iet-map.2012.0450
    [31]
    HWANG T, YANG Chenyang, WU Gang, et al. OFDM and its wireless applications: A survey[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2009, 58(4): 1673–1694. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2008.2004555
    [32]
    LEVANON N. Multifrequency complementary phase-coded radar signal[J]. IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation, 2000, 147(6): 276–284. doi: 10.1049/ip-rsn:20000734
    [33]
    STURM C, ZWICK T, and WIESBECK W. An OFDM system concept for joint radar and communications operations[C]. VTC Spring 2009 - IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference, Barcelona, Spain, 2009: 1–5.
    [34]
    LIU Yongjun, LIAO Guisheng, YANG Zhiwei, et al. Design of integrated radar and communication system based on MIMO-OFDM waveform[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2017, 28(4): 669–680. doi: 10.21629/JSEE.2017.04.06
    [35]
    BRAUN M, STURM C, NIETHAMMER A, et al. Parametrization of joint OFDM-based radar and communication systems for vehicular applications[C]. 2009 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, Tokyo, Japan, 2009: 3020–3024.
    [36]
    LIU Yongjun, LIAO Guisheng, XU Jingwei, et al. Adaptive OFDM integrated radar and communications waveform design based on information theory[J]. IEEE Communications Letters, 2017, 21(10): 2174–2177. doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2017.2723890
    [37]
    LIU Yongjun, LIAO Guisheng, and YANG Zhiwei. Robust OFDM integrated radar and communications waveform design based on information theory[J]. Signal Processing, 2019, 162: 317–329. doi: 10.1016/j.sigpro.2019.05.001
    [38]
    LIU Yongjun, LIAO Guisheng, XU Jingwei, et al. Transmit power adaptation for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing integrated radar and communication systems[J]. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 2017, 11(3): 035017. doi: 10.1117/1.JRS.11.035017
    [39]
    LIU Yongjun, LIAO Guisheng, YANG Zhiwei, et al. Multiobjective optimal waveform design for OFDM integrated radar and communication systems[J]. Signal Processing, 2017, 141: 331–342. doi: 10.1016/j.sigpro.2017.06.026
    [40]
    LIU Yongjun, LIAO Guisheng and YANG Zhiwei. Range and angle estimation for MIMO-OFDM integrated radar and communication systems[C]. 2016 CIE International Conference on Radar (RADAR), Guangzhou, China, 2016, pp. 1–4.
    [41]
    LIU Yongjun, LIAO Guisheng, YANG Zhiwei, et al. Joint range and angle estimation for an integrated system combining MIMO radar with OFDM communication[J]. Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing, 2019, 30(2): 661–687. doi: 10.1007/s11045-018-0576-2
    [42]
    HAKOBYAN G and YANG Bin. A novel OFDM-MIMO radar with non-equidistant dynamic subcarrier interleaving[C]. 2016 European Radar Conference (EuRAD), London, UK, 2016: 45–48.
    [43]
    KNILL C, ROOS F, SCHWEIZER B, et al. Random multiplexing for an MIMO-OFDM radar with compressed sensing-based reconstruction[J]. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2019, 29(4): 300–302. doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2019.2901405
    [44]
    LIU Yongjun, LIAO Guisheng, CHEN Yufeng, et al. Super-resolution range and velocity estimations with OFDM integrated radar and communications waveform[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2020, 69(10): 11659–11672. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2020.3016470
    [45]
    LELLOUCH G, MISHRA A K, and INGGS M. Stepped OFDM radar technique to resolve range and doppler simultaneously[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2015, 51(2): 937–950. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2014.130753
    [46]
    HUANG Tianyao and ZHAO Tong. Low PMEPR OFDM radar waveform design using the iterative least squares algorithm[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2015, 22(11): 1975–1979. doi: 10.1109/LSP.2015.2449305
    [47]
    TURLAPATY A, JIN Yuanwei, and XU Yang. Range and velocity estimation of radar targets by weighted OFDM modulation[C]. 2014 IEEE Radar Conference, Cincinnati, USA, 2014: 1358–1362.
    [48]
    MUNS G R, MISHRA K V, GUERRA C B, et al. Beam alignment and tracking for autonomous vehicular communication using IEEE 802.11ad-based radar[C]. IEEE INFOCOM 2019 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), Paris, France, 2019: 535–540.
    [49]
    GROSSI E, LOPS M, VENTURINO L, et al. Opportunistic automotive radar using the IEEE 802.11ad standard[C]. 2017 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf), Seattle, USA, 2017: 1196–1200.
    [50]
    KUMARI P, HEATH R W, and VOROBYOV S A. Virtual pulse design for IEEE 802. 11AD-based joint communication-radar[C]. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Calgary, Canada, 2018: 3315–3319.
    [51]
    LIU Zhipeng, CHEN Xingbo, WANG Xiaomo, et al. Communication analysis of integrated waveform based on LFM and MSK[C]. IET International Radar Conference 2015, Hangzhou, China, 2015.
    [52]
    ZHANG Yu, LI Qingyu, HUANG Ling, et al. A modified waveform design for radar-communication integration based on LFM-CPM[C]. 2017 IEEE 85th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), Sydney, Australia, 2017: 1–5.
    [53]
    SAHIN C, JAKABOSKY J, MCCORMICK P M, et al. A novel approach for embedding communication symbols into physical radar waveforms[C]. 2017 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf), Seattle, USA, 2017: 1498–1503.
    [54]
    ROBERTON M and BROWN E R. Integrated radar and communications based on chirped spread-spectrum techniques[C]. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003, Philadelphia, USA, 2003: 611–614.
    [55]
    SADDIK G N, SINGH R S, and BROWN E R. Ultra-wideband multifunctional communications/radar system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2007, 55(7): 1431–1437. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2007.900343
    [56]
    LIU Xiang, COHEN D, HUANG Tianyao, et al. Unambiguous delay-Doppler recovery from random phase coded pulses[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2021, 69: 4991–5004. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2021.3105921
    [57]
    HASSANIEN A, AMIN M G, ZHANG Y D, et al. Dual-function radar-communications: Information embedding using sidelobe control and waveform diversity[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2016, 64(8): 2168–2181. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2015.2505667
    [58]
    HASSANIEN A, AMIN M G, ZHANG Y D, et al. Non-coherent PSK-based dual-function radar-communication systems[C]. 2016 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf), Philadelphia, USA, 2016: 1–6.
    [59]
    BASAR E, WEN Miaowen, MESLEH R, et al. Index modulation techniques for next-generation wireless networks[J]. IEEE Access, 2017, 5: 16693–16746. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2737528
    [60]
    WANG Jintao, JIA Shuyun, and SONG Jian. Generalised spatial modulation system with multiple active transmit antennas and low complexity detection scheme[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2012, 11(4): 1605–1615. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2012.030512.111635
    [61]
    BAŞAR E, AYGÖLÜ Ü, PANAYIRCI E, et al. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2013, 61(22): 5536–5549. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2013.2279771
    [62]
    BOUDAHER E, HASSANIEN A, ABOUTANIOS E, et al. Towards a dual-function MIMO radar-communication system[C]. 2016 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf), Philadelphia, USA, 2016.
    [63]
    WANG Xiangrong, HASSANIEN A, and AMIN M G. Dual-function MIMO radar communications system design via sparse array optimization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2019, 55(3): 1213–1226. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2018.2866038
    [64]
    WANG Xiangrong and XU Jing. Co-design of joint radar and communications systems utilizing frequency hopping code diversity[C]. 2019 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf), Boston, USA, 2019.
    [65]
    HU Chenxi, LIU Yimin, MENG Huadong, et al. Randomized switched antenna array FMCW radar for automotive applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2014, 63(8): 3624–3641. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2014.2308895
    [66]
    LIU Yimin, RUAN Hang, WANG Lei, et al. The random frequency diverse array: A new antenna structure for uncoupled direction-range indication in active sensing[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 2017, 11(2): 295–308. doi: 10.1109/JSTSP.2016.2627183
    [67]
    HUANG Tianyao, LIU Yimin, XU Xingyu, et al. Analysis of frequency agile radar via compressed sensing[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2018, 66(23): 6228–6240. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2018.2876301
    [68]
    LIU Xiang, HUANG Tianyao, SHLEZINGER N, et al. Joint transmit beamforming for multiuser MIMO communications and MIMO radar[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2020, 68: 3929–3944. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2020.3004739
    [69]
    MCCORMICK P M, BLUNT S D, and METCALF J G. Simultaneous radar and communications emissions from a common aperture, Part I: Theory[C]. 2017 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf), Seattle, USA, 2017: 1685–1690.
    [70]
    LIU Fan, MASOUROS C, LI Ang, et al. MU-MIMO communications with MIMO radar: From co-existence to joint transmission[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2018, 17(4): 2755–2770. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2018.2803045
    [71]
    LIU Fan, LIU Yafeng, LI Ang, et al. Cramér-Rao bound optimization for joint radar-communication design[J]. arXiv: 2101.12530. http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.12530, 2021.
    [72]
    LIU Fan, ZHOU Longfei, MASOUROS C, et al. Toward dual-functional radar-communication systems: Optimal waveform design[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2018, 66(16): 4264–4279. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2018.2847648
    [73]
    LIU Xiang, HUANG Tianyao, and LIU Yimin. Transmit design for joint MIMO radar and multiuser communications with transmit covariance constraint[J]. arXiv: 2109.00779. http://arxiv.org/abs/2109.00779, 2021.
    [74]
    WEINER I. High-SNR channel capacity for communication over radar waveforms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2019, 55(3): 1261–1268. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2018.2884858
    [75]
    LIU Xiang, HUANG Tianyao, LIU Yimin, et al. Achievable sum-rate capacity optimization for joint MIMO multiuser communications and radar[C]. 2021 IEEE 22nd International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC), Lucca, Italy, 2021: 466–470.
    [76]
    LI Jian, XU Luzhou, STOICA P, et al. Range compression and waveform optimization for MIMO radar: A Cramér-Rao bound based study[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2008, 56(1): 218–232. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2007.901653
    [77]
    STOICA P, LI Jian, and XIE Yao. On probing signal design for MIMO radar[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2007, 55(8): 4151–4161. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2007.894398
    [78]
    FUHRMANN D R and SAN ANTONIO G. Transmit beamforming for MIMO radar systems using signal cross-correlation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2008, 44(1): 171–186. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2008.4516997
    [79]
    KOBAYASHI M, CAIRE G, and KRAMER G. Joint state sensing and communication: Optimal tradeoff for a memoryless case[C]. 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Vail, USA, 2018: 111–115.
    [80]
    KOBAYASHI M, HAMAD H, KRAMER G, et al. Joint state sensing and communication over memoryless multiple access channels[C]. 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Paris, France, 2019: 270–274.
    • Relative Articles
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索
    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML
    Article views(4381) PDF downloads(814) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    京ICP备20021838号-8   Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd     百度统计

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return