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摘要: 多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达作为一种新体制雷达，利用其发射波形分集的特点，在目标检测、参数估计、射频隐身及抗干扰等诸多方面展现出了突出的性能，经过学者们近20年的深入研究，基于正交波形的MIMO雷达相关理论日臻完善，并在汽车辅助驾驶、安全防卫等领域得到广泛应用。近年来，随着电磁环境感知及知识辅助等概念的引入，基于波形优化的MIMO雷达主动抗干扰、射频隐身、以及探测-通信一体化等技术受到学者们的关注并得到深入研究。该文力图对学者们近20年来围绕MIMO雷达的研究工作进行归纳与综述，内容主要包括：正交波形MIMO雷达原理、目标探测性能分析、典型应用；正交波形MIMO雷达波形设计与特点；基于知识的认知MIMO波形设计与算法；基于MIMO的探测-通信一体化波形设计与算法；MIMO雷达信号处理、数据处理及资源管理。论文最后对MIMO雷达在机载应用中的空时处理(STAP)、MIMO雷达在成像中的信号处理、以及基于时分多波形分集的线性调频毫米波MIMO雷达信号处理等进行了讨论。Abstract: As a novel radar system, the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar with waveform diversity has demonstrated excellent performance in several aspects, including target detection, parameter estimation, radio frequency stealth, and anti-jamming characteristics. After nearly 20 years of in-depth research by scholars, the MIMO radar theory based on orthogonal waveforms has significantly improved. It has been widely applied in fields such as automobile-assisted driving and safety defense. In recent years, with the introduction of the concepts of electromagnetic environment perception and knowledge aid, and the application requirements of radar-active anti-jamming, radio frequency stealth, and detection-communication integration, multiple new theories and methods have been generated for the MIMO radar in system architecture, transmit waveform design, and signal processing. This paper aims to review and summarize the research works on MIMO radar published in the past 20 years, including: the principle of the orthogonal-waveform MIMO radar, its target detection performance analysis and typical applications; waveform design and characteristics of the orthogonal-waveform MIMO radar; knowledge-aided cognitive MIMO waveform design and algorithm; MIMO detection-communication integrated waveform design and algorithm; MIMO radar parameter estimation; MIMO radar target detection; and MIMO radar resource management and scheduling. Finally, the paper discusses the clutter suppression and Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) of MIMO radar in airborne applications, the signal processing of MIMO radar in imaging, and the signal processing of chirp millimeter-wave (mmWave) MIMO radar based on time division multi-waveform diversity.
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图 2 正交波形MIMO雷达虚拟阵原理
Figure 2. Principle of virtual array of orthogonal waveform MIMO radar
图 3 LFM步进频频分MIMO 雷达发射功率距离-角度耦合
Figure 3. Distance-angle coupling of LFM stepped frequency division MIMO radar transmit power
图 4 BSUM算法求解框架示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the solution framework of the BSUM algorithm
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