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摘要: 星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)通过采用不同成像模式，实现分辨率与成像带宽度的不同性能组合。常规星载SAR模式的成像带沿着卫星航迹方向，走向单一；但实际目标场景的地理走向多种多样，与沿卫星航迹方向的成像带地理走向不匹配的情况普遍出现，导致数采周期长或方位分辨低、存储与计算资源浪费。星载SAR非沿迹成像模式是解决该问题的新思路，其通过生成与卫星航迹不同向的直线型或曲线型的成像带，匹配于目标场景的实际地理走向，对目标场景进行“地理定制化”成像。该文主要从信息获取、成像处理等方面，讨论了星载SAR非沿迹成像新模式的主要机遇与挑战，并通过计算机仿真实现了星载SAR非沿迹成像模式的原理性验证。Abstract: Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can achieve various performance combinations of resolution and observation bandwidth by adjusting the working modes. The imaging swath of the traditional spaceborne SAR working mode is along the satellite orbit, and the geographical trend is single; however, the geographical shape and direction of the surface scene are diverse and generally do not match the imaging swath along the orbit, resulting in a long data acquisition period, low azimuth resolution, and storage waste of computing resources. To this end, the spaceborne SAR Non-along-track imaging mode is a new method for spaceborne SAR scene matching that is characterized by an imaging zone that is no longer mechanically along the satellite orbit but is generated according to the actual geographical direction of the scene to achieve “customization” that matches the scene imaging. In this paper, the main opportunities and challenges faced by the new mode of spaceborne SAR scene matching are discussed from the aspects of information acquisition and imaging processing, and the principled verification of the spaceborne SAR Non-along-track imaging mode is provided through a computer simulation.
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Key words:
- Spaceborne SAR /
- Non-along-track imaging mode /
- Data acquisition /
- Imaging processing
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图 1 常规沿迹成像带拼接观测与非沿迹成像带观测示意图
Figure 1. Comparison between along-track and non-along-track modes
图 2 星载SAR非沿迹成像模式弯曲成像带
Figure 2. Curved swath of the spaceborne SAR non-along-track imaging mode
图 5 星载SAR非沿迹条带子模式(直线成像带)
Figure 5. Spaceborne SAR non-along-track sub-stripmap mode with straight swath
图 6 方位分辨率、距离成像带宽随观测斜角α变化示意(θ = 30°)
Figure 6. The variation of azimuth resolution and range swath with respect to observation squint angle α (θ = 30°)
图 7 方位分辨率、距离成像带宽随场景斜角θ变化示意(α = 30°)
Figure 7. The variation of azimuth resolution and range swath w.r.t. scene squint angle θ (α= 30°)
图 8 收发脉冲序列位置关系示意图
Figure 8. Relative positions between transmitting and receiving pulses
图 9 非沿迹成像模式斜距剧烈时变导致恒定PRF失效示意图
Figure 9. Failure constant-PRF design caused by severe time-varying slant range in non-along-track mode
图 10 多段PRF收发时序及其对成像质量的影响
Figure 10. Multi-segment PRF sequence and the corresponding influence on imaging
图 11 连续变PRF收发时序及其对成像质量的影响
Figure 11. Continuously varying pulse interval sequence and the corresponding influence on imaging
图 12 星载SAR非沿迹成像模式距离徙动空变示意图
Figure 12. Spatial variance of range cell migration in non-along-track mode imaging
图 13 星载SAR非沿迹成像时域算法示意图
Figure 13. Time-domain algorithm for spaceborne SAR non-along-track mode
图 14 非沿迹成像模式距离空变示意图
Figure 14. Spatial variance of range cell migration and range phase of non-along-track imaging mode
图 15 非线性调频变标类算法参数空变示意图
Figure 15. Spatial variance of the parameters in nonlinear chirp scaling algorithms
表 1 主要仿真参数
Table 1. Key simulation parameters
参数 数值 载频 10 GHz 脉冲宽度 20 μs 轨道高度 550 km 距离向波束宽度 0.6° 方位向波束宽度 0.6° 带宽 88.5 MHz 方位点数 147765 距离点数 163664 
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