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Review of On-orbit State Estimation of Space Targets with Radar Imagery（in English）
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摘要: 空间目标状态估计旨在获取目标在轨姿态运动和几何结构等状态参数，是完成目标动作意图分析、排查潜在故障威胁和预判在轨态势等任务的关键技术。通过雷达光电成像信息处理实现在轨姿态估计是空间目标状态分析的重要途径，当前已经形成了一系列代表性实用方法。该文首先简要介绍了国内外用于空间目标监测的地基逆合成孔径雷达发展现状；重点针对空间目标时序特征匹配、三维成像重建和多视融合姿态估计多类代表性方法进行原理介绍与技术总结：数据特征匹配的状态估计性能可靠但依赖目标模型先验；三维几何重建的状态估计具备目标精细刻画潜力但观测几何要求高。同时，该文也对空间目标在轨状态估计方向未来发展趋势进行了展望。Abstract: Space target state estimation aims to obtain a target’s on-orbit attitude, structure, movement, and other parameters accurately. This process helps observers analyze the target action intention, check for potential fault threats, and predict the development of on-orbit situations and is the core technology in the field of space situation awareness. Currently, the estimation of the on-orbit state of space targets mainly relies on external observations from high-performance sensors, such as radars, paralleled by the emergence of a series of representative methods. This paper briefly introduces the development status of inverse synthetic-aperture radar used for space target monitoring at home and abroad. Then, several representative methods, including data feature matching, three-dimensional (3D) imaging reconstruction, and multi-look fusion estimation, are introduced. The data feature-matching technology performs well when the priori target 3D model and scene conditions are given. The state estimation with 3D geometric reconstruction has the potential for fine description of the target, but high-level observation conditions are required. Finally, the future development trend of this direction is forecasted.
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图 5 空间目标地基雷达RCS测量观测几何
Figure 5. RCS measuring geometry configuration of space targets via ground-based radar
图 3 Range residuals calculated for Envisat pass measured by Graz SLR station on July 12, 2013[17]
图 4 Spin period analysis of Envisat in 2013[17] (black points indicate an inertial spin period and gray points apparent spin period)
图 9 Attitude estimation for Envisat sequence frames after constraining the search space[28]
图 10 Recording the distance sequence of target scattering points through radar ranging[35]
图 17 Comparison between the original observation sequence and the reproduced sequence with estimated attitude parameters[51]
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