单脉冲成像技术发展现状综述

王勇; 刘禹锋

doi:10.12000/JR25057

单脉冲成像技术发展现状综述

DOI: 10.12000/JR25057 CSTR: 32380.14.JR25057

王勇^,,
刘禹锋

哈尔滨工业大学电子工程技术研究所哈尔滨 150001

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2024YFB3909800)，国家杰出青年科学基金(62325104)

详细信息

作者简介:
王　勇，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要研究方向为雷达成像技术

刘禹锋，博士生，主要研究方向为雷达前视成像与雷达信号处理

通讯作者:
王勇 wangyong6012@hit.edu.cn

责任主编：朱岱寅 Corresponding Editor: ZHU Daiyin
中图分类号: TN958.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-24
- 修回日期: 2025-06-29

A Review of the Current Developments in Monopulse Imaging Technology

WANG Yong^,,
LIU Yufeng

Institute of Electronic Engineering Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

Funds: The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFB3909800), The National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (62325104)

More Information

Corresponding author: WANG Yong, wangyong6012@hit.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 随着任务需求的日益多样化，雷达成像由传统的侧视和斜视模式开始向前视方向进行拓展。单脉冲成像技术凭借其前视成像能力、实时处理能力以及良好的抗干扰性能，能够有效克服传统成像方法在前视区域方位向分辨率低和多普勒对称模糊等问题，成为解决该问题的一项关键技术。首先，该文介绍了单脉冲跟踪与单脉冲成像的区别，系统梳理了单脉冲成像的现有技术方法和评价指标，并对不同方法的性能进行了分析。接着，介绍了单脉冲成像技术在三维成像、运动目标定位成像以及多视角图像融合等不同场景中的具体应用案例。最后，展望了单脉冲成像技术的发展趋势，分析了成像质量提升和应用范围扩展等未来研究方向。
- 单脉冲雷达 /
- 单脉冲成像 /
- 成像方法 /
- 三维成像 /
- 发展趋势
Abstract: In recent years, with the increasing diversification of mission requirements, radar imaging has expanded from conventional side-looking and squint-looking modes to the forward-looking mode. In this regard, the monopulse imaging method offers several advantages, including its forward-looking imaging capability, real-time processing ability, and effective anti-jamming performance. These features can help efficiently overcome the problems faced by conventional imaging methods, i.e., low azimuth resolution and Doppler ambiguity in the forward-looking region. Hence, this method has emerged as a key solution to these challenges. This study first explores the distinction between monopulse tracking and monopulse imaging, followed by a systematic review of the existing technical approaches and evaluation metrics for monopulse imaging. Subsequently, the performance of different methods is analyzed, and specific applications of monopulse imaging technology in various scenarios are introduced, including three-dimensional imaging, moving target localization and imaging, and multi-view image fusion. The paper ends with a discussion of the development trends of monopulse imaging technology and an analysis of future research directions, such as imaging quality improvement and the expansion of the application scope.
- Monopulse radar /
- Monopulse imaging /
- Imaging methods /
- Three-dimensional imaging /
- Development trends

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图 1 单脉冲技术示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of monopulse technique

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图 2 单脉冲成像基本原理示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of basic principles of monopulse imaging

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图 3 传统单脉冲成像处理流程图

Figure 3. Flow chart of conventional monopulse imaging

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图 4 实测数据成像结果^[22]

Figure 4. Measured data imaging results^[22]

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图 5 距离域高分辨单脉冲成像流程图

Figure 5. Flow chart of range domain high-resolution monopulse imaging

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图 6 频域预分辨单脉冲成像流程图

Figure 6. Flow chart of frequency domain pre-resolution monopulse imaging

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图 7 实测数据基于多普勒重构的单脉冲成像结果^[55]

Figure 7. Measured data results of Doppler reconstruction-based monopulse imaging^[55]

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图 8 幅相联合估计成像流程图

Figure 8. Flow chart of amplitude-phase joint estimation monopulse imaging

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图 9 幅相联合估计单脉冲成像结果^[59]

Figure 9. Results of amplitude-phase joint estimation monopulse imaging^[59]

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图 10 基于孤立散射点迭代优化方法实测数据聚焦结果^[73]

Figure 10. Focusing results of measured data based on the isolated scatterer iterative optimization method^[73]

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图 11 基于知识辅助与天线模式信息方法实测数据聚焦结果^[77]

Figure 11. Focusing results of measured data based on the knowledge-aided and antenna pattern information method^[77]

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图 12 单脉冲雷达波束示意图

Figure 12. Schematic diagram of monopulse radar beam

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图 13 基于多普勒重构的单脉冲三维成像结果^[92]

Figure 13. Doppler reconstruction-based monopulse three-dimensional imaging results^[92]

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图 14 方位向基于多普勒重构单脉冲-俯仰向单脉冲ISAR三维成像结果^[43]

Figure 14. Azimuth Doppler reconstruction-based monopulse - Elevation monopulse ISAR three-dimensional imaging resulst^[43]

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图 15 机载各方向雷达成像结果拼接示意图

Figure 15. Schematic of stitching airborne multi-direction radar imaging result

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图 16 SAR/单脉冲配准和融合拼接结果图像^[99]

Figure 16. SAR/monopulse registration and fusion stitching results image^[99]

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表 1 单脉冲成像各类方法的优点及局限性

Table 1. Advantages and limitations of monopulse imaging methods

方法名称		优点	局限性
传统单脉冲成像	角闪烁抑制成像	计算复杂度低，实时性高	分辨能力差，易筛除组成关键结构的散射点
传统单脉冲成像	空域预分辨成像	计算复杂度低，实时性高，成像效果较好	需工作于扫描模式，且需要较窄的波束
距离域高分辨单脉冲成像		成像效果优于传统单脉冲成像	计算量大且未利用相位信息，成像效果改善有限
频域预分辨单脉冲成像	单脉冲ISAR成像	能够在ISAR成像的应用范围内高质量实现运动目标的成像	无法对静止目标进行成像
	单脉冲SAR成像	能够在SAR成像的应用范围内实现目标或场景的高质量成像	无法对前视区域进行成像
	基于多普勒重构的单脉冲成像	能够较好实现运动和静止目标在大前斜视区域的成像	高分辨能力的谱估计方法计算量较大；差波束幅度调制对高分辨率方法影响较大
幅相联合估计成像		能够更好实现静止目标在前视区域的成像，相对多普勒重构方法而言能更充分得利用回波信息	需工作于扫描模式，且暂未考虑如载机波束角度等影响单脉冲角度测量的非理想因素

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