基于非视距雷达三维成像的隐藏目标精确重构方法

蔡响 韦顺军 文彦博 胡江波 王谋 师君 崔国龙

蔡响, 韦顺军, 文彦博, 等. 基于非视距雷达三维成像的隐藏目标精确重构方法[J]. 雷达学报(中英文), 待出版. doi: 10.12000/JR24060
引用本文: 蔡响, 韦顺军, 文彦博, 等. 基于非视距雷达三维成像的隐藏目标精确重构方法[J]. 雷达学报(中英文), 待出版. doi: 10.12000/JR24060
CAI Xiang, WEI Shunjun, WEN Yanbo, et al. Precise reconstruction method for hidden targets based on non-line-of-sight radar 3D imaging[J]. Journal of Radars, in press. doi: 10.12000/JR24060
Citation: CAI Xiang, WEI Shunjun, WEN Yanbo, et al. Precise reconstruction method for hidden targets based on non-line-of-sight radar 3D imaging[J]. Journal of Radars, in press. doi: 10.12000/JR24060

基于非视距雷达三维成像的隐藏目标精确重构方法

doi: 10.12000/JR24060
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62271108)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    蔡 响,硕士,主要研究方向为非视距雷达成像、雷达三维成像、雷达信号处理

    韦顺军,博士,教授,主要研究方向为雷达三维成像、新体制SAR成像、雷达稀疏成像、雷达信号处理、SAR系统与应用等

    文彦博,硕士,主要研究方向为ISAR成像、雷达稀疏成像

    胡江波,硕士,主要研究方向为三维SAR成像、雷达信号处理

    王 谋,博士,主要研究方向为雷达三维成像、新体制SAR成像、雷达稀疏成像、雷达信号处理、SAR系统与应用等

    师 君,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为雷达信号处理、SAR成像系统、SAR图像智能解译等

    崔国龙,博士,教授,主要研究方向为最优化理论和算法、雷达目标检测理论、波形多样性以及城市环境目标探测等

    通讯作者:

    韦顺军 weishunjun@uestc.edu.cn

  • 责任主编:渠晓东 Corresponding Editor: QU Xiaodong
  • 中图分类号: TN957.52

Precise Reconstruction Method for Hidden Targets Based on Non-line-of-sight Radar 3D Imaging

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62271108)
More Information
  • 摘要: 非视距(NLOS)三维成像雷达是一种利用多径散射回波探测隐藏目标的新技术,但存在多路径回波分离、孔径遮蔽缩减、反射面相位误差等问题,传统视距雷达三维成像方法难以实现非视距隐藏目标的高精度成像。为此,该文提出了一种基于迭代稀疏重构的非视距隐藏目标三维成像雷达精确成像方法(NSIR)。在该方法中,首先构建非视距毫米波雷达三维成像的多径信号模型,利用视距/非视距回波特性,通过模型驱动方法提取非视距隐藏目标的多路径回波,实现视距/非视距回波信号的分离;其次,构建耦合多径反射面相位误差的全变分多约束隐藏目标重构优化问题,利用分裂Bregman全变分(TV)正则化算子和最小均方误差的相位误差估计准则,联合求解多约束最优化问题,实现非视距目标的精确成像及轮廓重构。最后,搭建平面扫描的三维成像雷达试验平台,完成了拐角非视距场景下刀具、铁架等目标的实验验证,验证了非视距毫米波三维成像雷达隐匿目标探测能力及该文方法的有效性。

     

  • 图  1  NLOS雷达3D成像几何模型

    Figure  1.  NLOS radar 3D imaging geometry model

    图  2  回波提取及NSIR重构流程

    Figure  2.  Echo extraction and NSIR reconstruction process

    图  3  实验平台及实验场景

    Figure  3.  Experimental platform and experimental scenes

    图  4  实验场景2D成像

    Figure  4.  2D imaging of experimental scenes

    图  5  距离向脉冲压缩结果

    Figure  5.  Results of range compression

    图  6  多路径回波提取结果

    Figure  6.  Multipath echo extraction results

    图  7  金属刀具及金属花架非视距及视距成像结果对比(第1行为非视距成像结果,第2行为视距成像结果,采样率均为100%)

    Figure  7.  Comparison of the NLOS and LOS imaging results of the metal knives and the metal flower stands (the first line is the NLOS imaging result, the second line is the LOS imaging result, the sampling rate is 100%)

    图  8  不同采样率下,4种算法的非视距金属刀具成像结果对比(从左至右:采样率分别为100%, 70%, 50%和30%)

    Figure  8.  Comparison of NLOS metal knives imaging results of four algorithms with different sampling rates (From left to right: sampling rates of 100%, 70%, 50%, and 30%, respectively)

    图  9  不同采样率下,4种算法的非视距金属花架成像结果对比((从左至右:采样率分别为100%, 70%, 50%和30%)

    Figure  9.  Comparison of NLOS metal flower stands imaging results of four algorithms with different sampling rates (From left to right: sampling rates of 100%, 70%, 50%, and 30%, respectively)

    图  10  在全采样率下,4种算法的最大投影结果对比(从左往右分别对应BP, RMA, ISTA和NSIR)

    Figure  10.  At the full sampling rate, the maximum projection results of the four algorithms are compared (from left to right, corresponding to BP, RMA, ISTA and NSIR)

    1  NLOS目标多路径回波提取

    1.   Extraction of NLOS target echoes

     输入:LOS环境结构,雷达回波E
     输出:NLOS目标多径回波;
     RMA粗成像:${{\boldsymbol{I}}_{{\text{RMA}}}} = {\mathcal{G}_{{\text{RMA}}}}\left( {\boldsymbol{E}} \right)$;
     结合RMA成像结果与LOS环境布局分析,确定NLOS区域及隐藏
     目标:${\varOmega _{{\mathrm{all}}}}\mathop \to \limits^f {\varOmega _{{\mathrm{NLOS}}}}$;
     距离聚焦:${P_{\text{c}}} = {\text{FFT}}\left( {{\boldsymbol{E}},q} \right)$;
     计算隐藏目标对应时延及距离:${y_r} = \left( {\dfrac{{{m_r}}}{{{f_0} \times T \times q}}} \right) \times \dfrac{{\mathrm{c}}}{2}$;
     根据镜像对称原理,确定同一目标不同虚像对应的回波;
     根据距离历史提取对应回波:${\text{Extra}}\left( {\boldsymbol{E}} \right) \to {{\boldsymbol{E}}_{{\text{NLOS}}}}$;
     返回隐藏目标的多径回波。
    下载: 导出CSV

    2  三维雷达自聚焦成像算法NSIR

    2.   3D radar autofocusing imaging algorithm NSIR

     输入:隐藏目标回波${{\boldsymbol{S}}_{\text{e}}} \in {\mathbb{C}^{{N_x} \times {N_z} \times R}}$,参数$\lambda $, ${\gamma _1}$和${\gamma _2}$;
     输出:稀疏成像结果$ {\boldsymbol{X}} \in {\mathbb{C}^{R \times N \times N}} $;
     初始化:${\boldsymbol{X}}^0 = {\boldsymbol{b}}_1^0 = {\boldsymbol{b}}_2^0 = {\boldsymbol{d}}_1^0 = {\boldsymbol{d}}_2^0 = 0$,${\boldsymbol{Y}} = {{\boldsymbol{S}}_{\text{e}}}$;
     循环开始
     (1) 根据式(34),重构${\boldsymbol{X}}^{k + 1}$;
     (2) 更新辅助变量:$ {\boldsymbol{d}}_1^{k + 1} = \mathcal{T}\left( {\nabla {\boldsymbol{X}}^{k + 1} + {\boldsymbol{b}}_1^k,1/{\gamma _1}} \right) $,
     $ {\boldsymbol{d}}_2^{k + 1} = \mathcal{T}\left( {{\boldsymbol{X}}^{k + 1} + {\boldsymbol{b}}_2^k,1/{\gamma _2}} \right) $;
     (3) 更新参数:$ {\boldsymbol{b}}_1^{k + 1} = {\boldsymbol{b}}_1^k + \nabla {\boldsymbol{X}}^{k + 1} - {\boldsymbol{d}}_1^{k + 1} $,
     $ {\boldsymbol{b}}_2^{k + 1} = {\boldsymbol{b}}_2^k + {\boldsymbol{X}}^{k + 1} - {\boldsymbol{d}}_2^{k + 1} $;
     (4) 由式(32)、式(33)估计相位误差, $t = t + 1$;
     (5) 迭代判定:若$k \le T$,则重复(1)—(5);否则,结束循环。
     循环结束
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  1  实测系统参数

    Table  1.   Parameters in real experiments

    参数 实测系统值
    载频(GHz) 79
    带宽(GHz) 3.998
    孔径尺寸(cm) 40×40
    采样间隔(mm) x: 1; z: 2
    脉冲发射间隔(ms) 50
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同算法下的实测实验数值评估结果

    Table  2.   Numerical evaluation results of real experiments with different algorithms


    方法

    指标
    金属刀具 金属花架
    100% 70% 50% 30% 100% 70% 50% 30%

    BP
    ENT 11.03 11.15 11.27 11.49 11.25 11.50 11.75 11.10
    IC 8.74 8.62 8.50 8.12 7.25 6.82 5.13 4.23
    Time 810.56 625.3 308.45 183.67 251.61 169.20 120.88 73.76

    RMA
    ENT 10.70 11.06 11.39 11.92 11.93 12.41 12.78 13.23
    IC 8.41 7.91 7.30 6.19 5.23 4.56 3.98 3.04
    Time 1.05 1.06 1.06 1.15 0.99 1.00 0.98 0.99

    ISTA
    ENT 10.65 10.944 11.237 11.572 11.61 11.83 12.05 12.26
    IC 8.48 8.06 7.54 6.79 5.73 5.44 5.16 4.76
    Time 14.69 17.58 17.82 20.49 23.96 24.61 24.48 24.53

    NSIR
    Ent 10.24 10.78 10.00 9.93 10.71 10.44 10.06 8.59
    IC 11.05 11.75 11.64 12.08 9.07 12.08 16.30 45.89
    Time 76.94 124.38 77.447 131.58 80.96 80.18 77.25 77.98
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2024-04-03
  • 修回日期:  2024-05-19
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-06-25

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