前视多通道SAR成像及阵列姿态误差补偿

王鑫硕; 卢景月; 孟智超; 张磊

doi:10.12000/JR23073

前视多通道SAR成像及阵列姿态误差补偿

DOI: 10.12000/JR23073

1.
中山大学电子与通信工程学院深圳 518107
2.
西安电子科技大学计算机科学与技术学院西安 710071

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62101603)

详细信息

作者简介:
王鑫硕，博士生，主要研究方向为合成孔径雷达成像

卢景月，讲师，主要研究方向为合成孔径雷达成像

孟智超，博士生，主要研究方向为合成孔径雷达成像

张　磊，教授，博士生导师，主要研究方向为合成孔径雷达成像、目标识别

通讯作者:
卢景月 lujingyue@xidian.edu.cn

责任主编：武俊杰 Corresponding Editor: WU Junjie
中图分类号: TN957.52
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-08
- 修回日期: 2023-07-20
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-09
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-28

Forward-looking Multi-channel Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging and Array Attitude Error Compensation

1.
School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
2.
School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62101603)

More Information

Corresponding author: LU Jingyue, lujingyue@xidian.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 针对前视合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像中的左右多普勒模糊问题，前视多通道SAR (FLMC-SAR)通过波束形成可实现多普勒解模糊成像。然而阵列偏角误差和时变姿态误差会导致目标的空时特性失配，进而影响左右多普勒解模糊成像的性能。该文提出了一种FLMC-SAR成像及阵列姿态误差补偿方法，首先建立了FLMC-SAR三维阵列偏角误差和时变平台姿态误差模型，分析了二维空时谱平面中目标的空时特性匹配机理，建立分析阵列姿态误差带来的空时特性失配在空时平面中的表征模型，然后基于误差的非左右空变特性，提出在BP函数中添加误差补偿相位统一补偿左右目标的阵列姿态误差。仿真实验证明所提方法可实现FLMC-SAR阵列姿态校正及误差补偿，提升了前视多普勒模糊抑制性能，保证了前视成像的方位分辨性能。
- 前视多通道SAR (FLMC-SAR) /
- 前视成像 /
- 阵列姿态误差 /
- 多普勒解模糊 /
- 方位分辨
Abstract: To solve the problem of left-right Doppler ambiguity in forward-looking Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging, Forward-Looking Multi-Channel SAR (FLMC-SAR) can achieve Doppler ambiguity resolving imaging through beamforming. However, array deviation angle and time-varying platform attitude errors lead to the mismatch between the space and time characteristics of a target, which affects the Doppler ambiguity resolving imaging performance. This study proposes an FLMC-SAR imaging and array attitude error compensation method. First, the three-dimensional FLMC-SAR array deviation-angle error and time-varying platform attitude error models are established. The mechanism of matching the spatiotemporal characteristics of targets in the two-dimensional spatiotemporal spectrum plane is analyzed. In addition, a representation model is established to study the spatiotemporal characteristics mismatch caused by the array attitude error in the spatiotemporal plane. Thereafter, based on the non-left-right spatial variation of the error, we propose a method of adding an error compensation phase to the back projection function to uniformly compensate the array attitude error of left-right symmetric targets. The results of simulation experiments show that the proposed method can achieve FLMC-SAR array attitude correction and error compensation, enhance the performance of forward-looking Doppler ambiguity suppression, and ensure the azimuth resolution performance of forward-looking imaging.
- FLMC-SAR /
- Forward-looking imaging /
- Array attitude error /
- Doppler ambiguity resolving /
- Azimuth resolution

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图 1 FLMC-SAR成像几何

Figure 1. FLMC-SAR imaging geometry

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图 2 小角度处最小二乘波束形成方向图

Figure 2. Least squares beamforming pattern at small angles

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图 3 阵列偏角误差示意图

Figure 3. Diagram of array deviation angle error

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图 4 飞机姿态角

Figure 4. Aircraft attitude angle

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图 5 采用 $\Delta \theta $ 近似前后的导向矢量互相关曲线

Figure 5. Cross correlation curve of steering vectors before and after using $\Delta \theta $ approximation

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图 6 阵列姿态误差导致的空时特性失配

Figure 6. Space-time characteristic mismatch caused by array attitude error

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图 7 模糊成像结果方位位置对解模糊的影响

Figure 7. The influence of azimuth position of ambiguous images on ambiguity resolving

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图 8 算法流程图

Figure 8. Flowchart of the proposed method

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图 9 时变姿态角

Figure 9. Time-varying attitude angle

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图 10 点目标仿真结果

Figure 10. Simulation results of the point targets

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图 11 AASR对比

Figure 11. Comparison of AASR

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图 12 面目标仿真结果

Figure 12. Simulation results of the surface target

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图 13 A点的方位PSF对比

Figure 13. Comparison of azimuth PSF at point A

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表 1 仿真系统参数

Table 1. Simulation parameters of system

参数	数值	参数	数值
载频(GHz)	30	脉冲重复频率(kHz)	4
发射带宽(MHz)	50	场景中心斜距(m)	8000
采样率(MHz)	60	合成孔径时间(s)	2
平台速度(m/s)	80	通道数	5
平台高度(m)	4000	通道间距(m)	0.043

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表 2 仿真误差参数

Table 2. Simulation parameters of errors

参数	数值	参数	数值
俯仰偏角误差(°)	3	方位偏角误差(°)	–2
初始偏航角(°)	–1.5	偏航角速度(°/s)	0.53
初始俯仰角(°)	1.5	俯仰角速度(°/s)	–1.24
初始横滚角(°)	2	横滚角速度(°/s)	4.71

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表 3 点目标成像性能对比

Table 3. Comparison of point target imaging performance

参数	目标	无阵列姿态误差	仅补偿固定姿态误差	本文补偿方法
–3 dB IRW (m)	2	2.67	3.00	2.67
	3	2.67	2.99	2.67
	5	3.67	4.16	3.66
	7	5.88	6.64	5.88
PSLR (dB)	2	–13.26	–18.43	–13.23
	3	–13.26	–18.44	–13.21
	5	–13.26	–18.87	–13.19
	7	–13.26	–18.45	–13.17
ISLR (dB)	2	–9.91	–15.52	–9.90
	3	–9.91	–15.46	–9.87
	5	–9.99	–16.00	–9.91
	7	–10.16	–15.92	–10.08

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