星载SAR非沿迹成像新模式:机遇与挑战

王岩 康利鸿 刘杰 匡辉 孙晗伟 陈轲 王轩 于海锋 孙希龙 郑彭楠 刘书豪 易天柱 刘磊 高贺利 孙兵 张润宁 丁泽刚

王岩, 康利鸿, 刘杰, 等. 星载SAR非沿迹成像新模式:机遇与挑战[J]. 雷达学报, 2022, 11(6): 1131–1145. doi: 10.12000/JR22083
引用本文: 王岩, 康利鸿, 刘杰, 等. 星载SAR非沿迹成像新模式:机遇与挑战[J]. 雷达学报, 2022, 11(6): 1131–1145. doi: 10.12000/JR22083
WANG Yan, KANG Lihong, LIU Jie, et al. Spaceborne SAR non-along-track imaging mode: Opportunities and challenges[J]. Journal of Radars, 2022, 11(6): 1131–1145. doi: 10.12000/JR22083
Citation: WANG Yan, KANG Lihong, LIU Jie, et al. Spaceborne SAR non-along-track imaging mode: Opportunities and challenges[J]. Journal of Radars, 2022, 11(6): 1131–1145. doi: 10.12000/JR22083

星载SAR非沿迹成像新模式:机遇与挑战

doi: 10.12000/JR22083
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(61971042),北京市自然科学基金(4202067)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    王 岩,博士后,副研究员,博士生导师,主要研究方向为新体制雷达系统、成像、干涉和极化应用

    康利鸿,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为电磁散射计算、SAR卫星定标和遥感影像分析

    刘 杰,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为卫星总体设计技术

    匡 辉,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为微波遥感卫星载荷总体设计和应用处理技术

    孙晗伟,博士后,研究员,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为星载新体制雷达系统、信号处理和应用

    陈 轲,博士生,主要研究方向为新体制星载合成孔径雷达系统设计

    王 轩,博士生,主要研究方向为星载合成孔径雷达成像技术

    于海锋,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为遥感卫星总体设计技术

    孙希龙,博士,副研究员,主要研究方向为合成孔径雷达成像、干涉/差分干涉、定标与应用

    郑彭楠,博士生,主要研究方向为星载合成孔径雷达系统设计与成像

    刘书豪,硕士,副主任设计师,主要研究方向为遥感卫星总体设计

    易天柱,博士,助理研究员,主要研究方向为新体制SAR技术

    刘 磊,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为星载SAR系统设计和海洋应用研究

    高贺利,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为新体制星载SAR卫星技术研究

    孙 兵,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为雷达信号处理、SAR系统仿真与图像质量评估

    张润宁,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为卫星总体设计技术

    丁泽刚,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为新体制雷达成像机理、成像处理和图像信息提取

    通讯作者:

    丁泽刚 z.ding@bit.edu.cn

  • 责任主编:王宇 Corresponding Editor: WANG Robert
  • 中图分类号: TN95

Spaceborne SAR Non-Along-Track Imaging Mode: Opportunities and Challenges

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61971042), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (4202067)
More Information
  • 摘要: 星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)通过采用不同成像模式,实现分辨率与成像带宽度的不同性能组合。常规星载SAR模式的成像带沿着卫星航迹方向,走向单一;但实际目标场景的地理走向多种多样,与沿卫星航迹方向的成像带地理走向不匹配的情况普遍出现,导致数采周期长或方位分辨低、存储与计算资源浪费。星载SAR非沿迹成像模式是解决该问题的新思路,其通过生成与卫星航迹不同向的直线型或曲线型的成像带,匹配于目标场景的实际地理走向,对目标场景进行“地理定制化”成像。该文主要从信息获取、成像处理等方面,讨论了星载SAR非沿迹成像新模式的主要机遇与挑战,并通过计算机仿真实现了星载SAR非沿迹成像模式的原理性验证。

     

  • 图  1  常规沿迹成像带拼接观测与非沿迹成像带观测示意图

    Figure  1.  Comparison between along-track and non-along-track modes

    图  2  星载SAR非沿迹成像模式弯曲成像带

    Figure  2.  Curved swath of the spaceborne SAR non-along-track imaging mode

    图  3  星载SAR不同模式对海岸线成像效能示意图

    Figure  3.  Comparisons of different modes covering coastlines

    图  4  星载SAR非沿迹成像子模式示意图

    Figure  4.  Spaceborne SAR non-along-track sub-modes

    图  5  星载SAR非沿迹条带子模式(直线成像带)

    Figure  5.  Spaceborne SAR non-along-track sub-stripmap mode with straight swath

    图  6  方位分辨率、距离成像带宽随观测斜角α变化示意(θ = 30°)

    Figure  6.  The variation of azimuth resolution and range swath with respect to observation squint angle α (θ = 30°)

    图  7  方位分辨率、距离成像带宽随场景斜角θ变化示意(α = 30°)

    Figure  7.  The variation of azimuth resolution and range swath w.r.t. scene squint angle θ (α= 30°)

    图  8  收发脉冲序列位置关系示意图

    Figure  8.  Relative positions between transmitting and receiving pulses

    图  9  非沿迹成像模式斜距剧烈时变导致恒定PRF失效示意图

    Figure  9.  Failure constant-PRF design caused by severe time-varying slant range in non-along-track mode

    图  10  多段PRF收发时序及其对成像质量的影响

    Figure  10.  Multi-segment PRF sequence and the corresponding influence on imaging

    图  11  连续变PRF收发时序及其对成像质量的影响

    Figure  11.  Continuously varying pulse interval sequence and the corresponding influence on imaging

    图  12  星载SAR非沿迹成像模式距离徙动空变示意图

    Figure  12.  Spatial variance of range cell migration in non-along-track mode imaging

    图  13  星载SAR非沿迹成像时域算法示意图

    Figure  13.  Time-domain algorithm for spaceborne SAR non-along-track mode

    图  14  非沿迹成像模式距离空变示意图

    Figure  14.  Spatial variance of range cell migration and range phase of non-along-track imaging mode

    图  15  非线性调频变标类算法参数空变示意图

    Figure  15.  Spatial variance of the parameters in nonlinear chirp scaling algorithms

    图  16  仿真观测场景与多点目标分布

    Figure  16.  Simulated observation region and target distribution

    图  17  星地几何构型关键参数时变情况

    Figure  17.  Time-varying parameters of observation geometry

    图  18  连续变PRF方位采样时序

    Figure  18.  Continuously varying PRF sequence of simulation

    图  19  距离模糊度、方位模糊度、系统灵敏度时变曲线

    Figure  19.  Time-varying curves of RASR, AASR and NESZ

    图  20  多点目标成像二维点扩展函数

    Figure  20.  Point spread functions of focused targets

    表  1  主要仿真参数

    Table  1.   Key simulation parameters

    参数数值
    载频10 GHz
    脉冲宽度20 μs
    轨道高度550 km
    距离向波束宽度0.6°
    方位向波束宽度0.6°
    带宽88.5 MHz
    方位点数147765
    距离点数163664
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-05-06
  • 修回日期:  2022-07-23
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-08-15
  • 刊出日期:  2022-12-28

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