基于涡旋电磁波体制的三维SAR成像方法

吕坤; 马晖; 刘宏伟

doi:10.12000/JR21125

基于涡旋电磁波体制的三维SAR成像方法

DOI: 10.12000/JR21125

西安电子科技大学雷达信号处理国家重点实验室西安 710071

基金项目: 国家自然基金青年基金(61901344)，电子信息控制重点实验室基金，装备预先研究领域基金(80913010102)，博士后创新人才支持计划(BX20180239)，博士后基金(2019M653562)，高等学校学科创新引智计划(B18039)

详细信息

作者简介:
吕　坤(1996–)，男，山西运城人，西安电子科技大学电子工程学院在读博士研究生。主要研究方向为雷达信号处理、涡旋电磁新体制雷达

马　晖(1989–)，女，博士，副教授。2015年在北京航空航天大学获得工学博士学位。现担任西安电子科技大学电子工程学院副教授。主要研究方向为雷达成像、新体制雷达、智能雷达、雷达信号处理

刘宏伟(1971–)，男，博士，教授。1999年于西安电子科技大学获得信息处理专业博士学位。现任西安电子科技大学教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向为雷达目标识别、认知探测、网络化协同探测、雷达智能化

通讯作者:
马晖 h.ma@xidian.edu.cn

责任主编：刘康 Corresponding Editor: LIU Kang
中图分类号: TN95
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-07
- 修回日期: 2021-10-19
- 网络出版日期: 2021-10-26
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-28

Three-dimensional Imaging Using the Electromagnetic Vortex Synthetic Aperture Radar

National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China

Funds: The National Nature Fund Youth Fund (61901344), The Key Laboratory Fund of Electronic Information Control, The Equipment Advance Research Fund (80913010102), The Postdoctoral Innovative Talent Support Program (BX20180239), The Postdoctoral Fund (2019M653562), The Discipline Innovation and Talent Introduction Program of Colleges and Universities (B18039)

More Information

Corresponding author: MA Hui, h.ma@xidian.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 涡旋电磁波得名于其传播时围绕行进轴的旋转现象，该电磁属性被称为轨道角动量。基于其在方位角上的目标分辨能力，该文将涡旋电磁波引入传统的合成孔径成像中，提出了一种新的三维成像方案。在结合轨道角动量模态域之后，将合成孔径雷达二维回波扩展到三维。首先，基于波形分集理论，获取同时多模态回波数据，并利用傅里叶变换(FT)变换到方位角维，形成距离-合成孔径方位-方位角三维数据。然后，基于Radon-FT，提出了一种联合二维方位压缩算法来生成三维目标成像。仿真结果验证了系统和算法的性能，证明了涡旋电磁三维合成孔径成像雷达系统的优越性。
- 涡旋电磁雷达 /
- 轨道角动量 /
- 合成孔径雷达 /
- 拉东变换 /
- 联合二维方位压缩
Abstract: The ElectroMagnetic Vortex (EMV) wave is named after the rotation around the wave propagation axis. This electromagnetic characteristic is called the Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM). Considering its azimuth angular resolution, this paper introduces the EMV wave into traditional Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging and proposes a novel Three-Dimensional (3D) imaging scheme called EMV-SAR. In EMV-SAR, the echo is extended into 3D after involving the OAM mode domain. Based on the waveform diversity technology, the multiOAM-mode echo is obtained and simultaneously transformed into azimuthal angular signals via Fourier Transform (FT) to form the 3D data of range-azimuth-angular. In this study, we propose a joint two-dimensional azimuthal compression algorithm to generate 3D target imaging based on Radon FT. The simulation results validate the performance of the proposed system and algorithms and demonstrate the superiority of EMV-SAR in 3D imaging.
- Electromagnetic vortex radar /
- Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) /
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) /
- Radon Fourier transform /
- Joint two-dimensional azimuth compression

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图 1 EMV-SAR 成像几何关系

Figure 1. The observation coordinates the EMV-SAR

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图 2 EMV-SAR 信号处理流程

Figure 2. EMV-SAR 3D imaging processing algorithm

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图 3 涡旋方位角域成像结果

Figure 3. The imaging result of EMV azimuth domain

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图 4 点目标三维重建结果

Figure 4. Point target 3D reconstruction result

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图 5 点目标不同切面成像结果

Figure 5. Point target imaging results of different slices

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图 6 点目标不同维度成像结果

Figure 6. Point target imaging results in different dimensions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 仿真涉及雷达参数

Table 1. Simulation Radar parameters

参数	值
雷达坐标 (m)	(–20, [–1, 1], 0)
成像区域 (m)	([–5,5], [–1,1], [–1.5,1.5])
OAM模态	[–40,40]
雷达高度 (m)	300
雷达速度 (m/s)	20
载频 (GHz)	35
脉冲重复频率 (Hz)	2000
信号带宽 (GHz)	1
UCA半径 ($\lambda $)	40
UCA阵元个数	50

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表 2 点目标理论坐标与仿真坐标

Table 2. Theoretical coordinates and simulation coordinates of point targets

参数	初始坐标 (m)	重构结果 (m)
点目标1	(1, 0.2, 1)	(0.99, 0.19, 0.95)
点目标2	(1, 0.2, –1)	(0.99, 0.21, –1.00)
点目标3	(1, –0.2, 1)	(1.00, –0.21, 1.05)
点目标4	(1, –0.2, –1)	(1.00, –0.19, –1.00)
点目标5	(–1, 0.2, 1)	(–1.05, 0.20, 0.95)
点目标6	(–1, 0.2, –1)	(–1.05, 0.21, –1.05)
点目标7	(–1, –0.2, 1)	(–1.05, –0.22, 1.05)
点目标8	(–1, –0.2, –1)	(–1.05, –0.20, –1.00)

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