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摘要: 多角度SAR作为一种新的SAR模式，它具备对场景的长时间观测以及大合成孔径角两个优势。已有研究表明，这两点区别于传统SAR模式的优势，使得单通道系统也可以具备较强的动目标检测能力，即，无需增加雷达系统的复杂度，就可以实现在轨星载SAR系统动目标检测能力的拓展和提升。这也使得多角度SAR动目标研究成为新的研究热点。在研讨近年来多角度SAR-GMTI研究基础及发展现状的基础上，该文重点介绍了研究团队围绕高分3号开展的原理性验证实验研究，包括凝视聚束模式动目标检测方法研究、双通道动目实验模式、双通道凝视聚束GMTI模式研究等。通过上述研究，以期为在轨及规划星载SAR单通道GMTI工程实现、未来星载多角度SAR时序动态观测新型工作模式设计等奠定可行性研究基础。Abstract: Multi-aspect SAR is a new SAR mode that has two advantages, i.e., long-term observations and a large synthetic-aperture azimuth angle. Previous studies have reported that these unique advantages enable even single-channel systems to have a relatively strong capability for detecting moving targets, i.e., multi-aspect SAR expands and improves the moving-target-related capabilities of the earlier SAR satellite system without increasing its complexity. As such, multi-aspect SAR-GMTI has become a trending topic for research. After reviewing the recent progress and research basis of multi-aspect SAR-GMTI, in this paper, we present our research on the Gaofen-3 SAR, which includes: moving-target detection methods that use the staring spotlight mode, dual-channels GMTI mode, and the dual-channel spotlight GMTI mode. With the results obtained by this research, we hope to establish a basis for the engineering implementation of current and future spaceborne single-channel SAR-GMTI modes and the design of a future spaceborne multi-aspect SAR mode capable of retrieving time-series and dynamic scene information.
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图 2 法国空间局多角度SAR动目标轨迹重建研究
Figure 2. ONERA multi-aspect SAR moving target trajectory reconstruction
图 3 对数背景差分法检测结果示例
Figure 3. Example detection result of logarithm background subtraction
图 5 所选小场景区域及相应子孔径图像序列
Figure 5. Selected small scene and corresponding subaperture image sequence
图 7 应用幅度归一化前后的第18和68幅子孔径图像的直方图
Figure 7. The histogram of 18th and 68th image before and after adjustment
图 16 预处理前后两通道数据频谱的干涉图
Figure 16. Interferograms of spectrum before and after preprocessing
图 24 第1组SNP信号校正前后干涉相位图
Figure 24. ATI phase map of 1st SNP signal before and after correction
表 1 数据参数
Table 1. Dataset parameters
符号 参数 参数值 符号 参数 参数值 $ \lambda $ 波长 $ 0.056\;\mathrm{m} $ $ {R}_{\mathrm{c}} $ 场景中心斜距 934.6 km $ {V}_{\mathrm{s}} $ 平台速度 7568 m/s $ {T}_{\mathrm{a}} $ 合成孔径时间 12.5 s $ {\theta }_{\mathrm{L}} $ 下视角 $ {33.7}^{\circ } $ $ {\theta }_{\mathrm{a}} $ 合成孔径角 $ -{1.78}^{\circ }\sim {1.78}^{\circ } $ $ {B}_{\mathrm{w}} $ 带宽 240 MHz $ {\Delta }_{\mathrm{r}} $ 距离向像素尺寸 0.56 m $ {f}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{R}\mathrm{F}} $ PRF 3742.7 Hz $ {\Delta }_{\mathrm{a}} $ 方位向像素尺寸 0.33 m 
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表 2 追踪结果
Table 2. Tracking results
序号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 运动距离(m) 12.8 35.6 37.4 36.6 417.8 11.2 21.9 22.1 27.6 31.6 方位速度(m/s) 0.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 16.7 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.3
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表 3 实验参数
Table 3. Experiment parameters
实验参数 参数值 中心频率$ {f}_{\mathrm{c}} $ 5.4 GHz 带宽 $ {B}_{\mathrm{d}} $ 100 MHz $ \mathrm{P}\mathrm{R}\mathrm{F} $ 1948 Hz 场景中心斜距 $ {r}_{\mathrm{c}} $ 974347 m 入射角 $ {\theta }_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{c}} $ $ {34.5}^{\circ } $ 平台速度 $ {v}_{\mathrm{s}} $ 7566 m/s 轨道类型 Descending 方位观测角 $ {\theta }_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{z}\mathrm{i}} $ $ -{1.7}^{\circ }\sim {1.7}^{\circ } $ 合成孔径时间 $ T $ $ 15\;\mathrm{s} $
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