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Research on Calculation Method of Doppler Centroid Shift from Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar for Ocean Feature Retrieval
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摘要: 多普勒中心偏移是合成孔径雷达(SAR)反演海面风场、海表流场的重要参数。该文针对机载正侧视提出一种多普勒中心偏移计算方法，分别利用载机运动状态数据和海洋探测回波数据计算多普勒中心频率，再作差求解多普勒中心偏移，并在多普勒谱分析中加入小波分析去除噪声的影响来提高计算精度。以CDOP经验模型计算结果作为比对真值，机载SAR飞行探测试验结果表明，9组探测数据多普勒中心偏移计算误差的绝对值均小于2 Hz，均方根误差为1.4 Hz，满足海洋环境要素反演的精度要求。实验表明高精度的平台运动状态数据和探测回波数据是多普勒中心偏移海洋应用的关键。
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关键词:
- 机载正侧视合成孔径雷达 /
- 多普勒中心偏移 /
- 计算方法 /
- 多普勒中心频率
Abstract: Doppler center shift is an important parameter for Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) to retrieve ocean surface wind field and ocean surface current field. We present a calculation method of Doppler centroid shift for airborne side-looking SAR. We compute Doppler centroid frequency by aircraft motion status data and ocean detection echo data respectively, and make difference to solve the Doppler centroid shift. In order to remove the influence of noise, we add wavelet analysis in Doppler spectrum analysis method to improve Doppler centroid frequency accuracy from ocean detection echo data. We carry out flight detection experiment by airborne SAR to obtain the Doppler centroid shift, while put buoy wind direction and wind speed in detection area into CDOP geophysical model function to simulate the Doppler centroid shift as compared to the validation true value. Flight detection results of 9 group data show that the calculation error absolute value of Doppler centroid shift are less than 2 Hz, and the RMS error is 1.4 Hz. It is meets the accuracy requirements of marine environmental factors retrieval, and proves the effective of Doppler centroid shift calculation method. In practical applications, the accuracy of Doppler centroid shift calculation is the key to the application of marine environment research, which requires high-precision platform motion data and sounding echo data to ensure application value. -
图 1 搭载平台航向和天线指向构成的探测几何关系
Figure 1. Sounding geometric relationship between the platform and antenna pointing heading
图 2 机载SAR姿态变化时构成的探测几何关系
Figure 2. Sounding geometric relationship in airborne SAR posture change
图 3 多普勒中心偏移计算方法验证方案
Figure 3. Doppler centroid shift calculation method verification scheme
图 4 探测数据20120726-011的姿态信息
Figure 4. Attitude information of the probe data 20120726-011
图 5 机载SAR探测回波数据计算多普勒中心频率
Figure 5. The Doppler center frequency calculate from Airborne SAR detection echo data
图 6 多普勒中心偏移计算误差与风速误差对应关系
Figure 6. Correspondence between Doppler centroid shift calculation error and wind speed error
表 1 惯导参数测量误差对多普勒中心频率计算精度的影响
Table 1. The influence of inertial parameter measurement error to Doppler center frequency calculation accuracy
惯导参数 测量误差 多普勒中心频率误差(Hz) 俯仰角 0.1° 2.0 偏航角 0.1° 1.8 飞行速度 1 m/s 1.0 飞行高度 / / 
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表 2 机载SAR工作参数及指标
Table 2. Operating parameters and indicators of airborne SAR
工作参数 指 标 工作模式 条带 极化方式 HH, HV, VH, VV 雷达频率 5.3 GHz 雷达波长 0.056 m 信号带宽 80 MHz, 150 MHz 脉冲宽度 15 μs PRF 500 Hz
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表 3 多普勒中心偏移计算结果比对验证(Hz)
Table 3. Comparison of Doppler centroid shift calculation verification (Hz)
条带名称 回波数据 惯导数据 探测数据 CDOP模型 计算误差 20120726-011 61.5 46.2 15.3 14.5 0.8 20120726-021 53.7 61.1 –7.4 –9.2 1.8 20120726-031 27.3 36.8 –9.5 –10.8 1.3 20120726-041 47.9 28.9 19.0 19.6 –0.6 20120726-051 10.7 18.6 –7.9 –6.7 –1.2 20120726-061 66.4 47.4 19.0 17.4 1.6 20120726-071 –13.7 –3.5 –10.2 –11.4 1.2 20120726-081 –15.6 –31.2 15.6 17.3 –1.7 20120726-091 31.3 10.1 21.2 19.6 1.6 RMS 1.4
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