基于参数估计的下视稀疏阵列三维SAR运动误差补偿和成像处理方法

刘奇勇; 张群; 洪文; 苏令华; 梁佳

doi:10.12000/JR18107

基于参数估计的下视稀疏阵列三维SAR运动误差补偿和成像处理方法

doi: 10.12000/JR18107

刘奇勇¹,
张群^2,3,4, ,,
洪文^5,6,
苏令华^2,3,
梁佳^2,3

①.
空军工程大学研究生院西安 710077
②.
空军工程大学信息与导航学院西安 710077
③.
信息感知技术协同创新中心西安 710077
④.
复旦大学电磁波信息科学教育部重点实验室上海 200433
⑤.
微波成像技术国家重点实验室北京 100190
⑥.
中国科学院电子学研究所北京 100190

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(61471386, 61871396)，陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2016JM4008)

详细信息

作者简介:
刘奇勇(1990–)，男，湖南邵阳人，空军工程大学博士生，主要研究方向为SAR成像、线阵SAR 3维成像

张　群(1964–)，男，陕西合阳人，空军工程大学信息与导航学院教授，博士生导师，主要研究方向为雷达成像与目标识别。E-mail: zhangqunnus@gmail.com

洪　文(1968–)，女，上海人，中国科学院电子学研究所研究员，博士生导师，主要研究方向为极化/极化干涉SAR处理及应用、3维SAR信号处理、圆迹SAR信号处理以及稀疏微波成像技术

苏令华(1979–)，男，山东枣庄人，空军工程大学信息与导航学院讲师，主要研究方向为遥感图像处理、雷达信号处理、DSP算法设计

梁　佳(1985–)，男，陕西西安人，空军工程大学信息与导航学院讲师，主要研究方向为雷达成像

通讯作者:
张群 zhangqunnus@gmail.com

中图分类号: TN957
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-12-03
- 修回日期: 2018-12-27
- 网络出版日期: 2018-12-28

DLSLA 3D SAR Motion Error Compensation and Imaging Method Based on Parameter Estimation

Liu Qiyong¹,
Zhang Qun^{2,3,4
, ,},
Hong Wen^5,6,
Su Linghua^2,3,
Liang Jia^2,3

①.
Air Force Engineering University Graduate College, Xi’an 710077, China
②.
College of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710077, China
③.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Information Sensing and Understanding, Xi’an 710077, China
④.
The Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
⑤.
National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Beijing 100190, China
⑥.
Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61471386, 61871396), The Natural Science Foundation Research Program of Shaanxi Province (2016JM4008)

摘要

摘要: 当载机存在偏航角速度时，载机航线会偏离理想航线，对稀疏阵列下视3维合成孔径雷达(DLSLA 3D SAR)成像产生影响。该文建立了载机在飞行过程中存在偏航角速度下的DLSLA 3D SAR成像模型，通过理论推导得到了信号的多普勒调频率表达式，多普勒调频率与目标被调制后的跨航向坐标有关，而与被调制后的方位向坐标无关。进一步，完成跨航向信号处理之后，在平台的速度和偏航角速度不准的情况下，利用参数化稀疏表征方法实现了平台的速度和偏航角速度的估计，并完成了方位向稀疏场景的重构，最后提出了一种形变校正方法。仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性。
- 稀疏阵列下视3维合成孔径雷达 /
- 运动误差 /
- 多普勒调频率 /
- 参数化稀疏表征
Abstract: In the presence of yaw angular velocity, a body will deviate from its ideal flight path, which will affect imaging of Downward-Looking Sparse Linear Array 3D Synthetic Aperture Radar (DLSLA 3D SAR). In this paper, an imaging model including yaw rate is established. Furthermore, Doppler frequency modulation, which is related to cross-track coordinates and not azimuth coordinates, was theoretically calculated. Thus, a cross-track signal could be reconstructed to obtain the cross-track coordinates before azimuth signal compression. Based on the parametric sparse representation, the velocity and yaw rate of the platform were estimated, and the azimuth signal was compressed. Moreover, a deformation correction method is proposed to correct image deformation. The simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
- Downward-Looking Sparse Linear Array 3D Synthetic Aperture Radar (DLSLA 3D SAR) /
- Motion error /
- Doppler frequency rate /
- Parametric sparse representation

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图 1 DLSLA 3D SAR成像几何模型

Figure 1. DLSLA 3D SAR imaging geometry model

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图 2 所提方法流程图

Figure 2. The flow chart of the proposed method

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图 3 3维孤立点目标模型

Figure 3. 3D isolated targets model

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图 4 成像结果

Figure 4. Imaging result

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图 5 方位向截面图

Figure 5. The azimuth sectional image

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图 6 方位向-跨航向平面投影图

Figure 6. 2D projection onto azimuth and cross-track plane

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图 7 成像场景示意图

Figure 7. The ideal scene

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图 8 分布式场景DLSLA 3D SAR成像结果

Figure 8. 3D imaging result of scene

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图 9 方位向-跨航向平面投影图

Figure 9. 2D projection onto azimuth and cross-track plane

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图 10 形变校正后的方位向-跨航向平面投影图

Figure 10. 2D projection onto azimuth and cross-track plane after deformation correction.

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表 1 平台和天线的参数

Table 1. Parameters of platform and antenna

参数	值	参数	值
载频f_c (GHz)	17	脉冲重复频率PRF (Hz)	5000
带宽B_r (MHz)	200	发射天线数量N_t	16
平台高度H (m)	1300	接收天线数量N_r	15
平台速度v (m/s)	60	跨航向分辨率(m)	5.42
脉冲持续时间T_r (μs)	0.1	方位向分辨率(m)	0.5
偏航角速度(°/s)	2	初始偏航角(°)	3

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表 2 图5中两种结果对应3 dB宽度

Table 2. The 3 dB width of the two methods in Fig. 5

目标	直接法	参数化稀疏表征法	提升倍数
1	2.26 m	0.41 m	5.51
2	2.51 m	0.36 m	6.97

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表 3 形变校正前后的方位向、跨航向坐标

Table 3. The azimuth and cross-track coordinates before and after deformation correction

目标	实际坐标(m)	校正前的坐标(m)	校正后的坐标(m)	提升倍数
1	(–14, –14)	(–14.92, –13.13)	(–13.95, –14.49)	(18.40, 1.77)
2	(–6, –14)	(–6.64, –13.60)	(–6.09, –14.02)	(7.10, 20.00)
3	(24, 30)	(25.45, 28.26)	(24.01, 29.49)	(145.00, 3.41)
4	(30, 24)	(30.96, 21.98)	(29.89, 23.41)	(8.72, 3.42)
5	(36, 30)	(37.48, 28.26)	(36.19, 29.89)	(7.79, 15.81)

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表 4 形变校正前后的方位向、跨航向坐标

Table 4. The azimuth and cross-track coordinates before and after deformation correction

目标	实际坐标(m)	校正前的坐标(m)	校正后的坐标(m)	提升倍数
1	(95, –97)	(81.72, –105.10)	(95.32, –99.31)	(41.50, 3.50)
2	(48, 100)	(60.12, 97.15)	(48.23, 100.92)	(52.69, 3.09)
3	(16, –57)	(12.68, –59.62)	(16.30, –58.53)	(11.06, 1.71)
4	(–50, –12)	(–49.32, –11.56)	(–49.91, –11.58)	(7.55, 1.04)

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