机载雷达空时自适应处理技术研究综述

谢文冲; 段克清; 王永良

doi:10.12000/JR17073

机载雷达空时自适应处理技术研究综述

doi: 10.12000/JR17073

空军预警学院雷达兵器运用工程军队重点实验室武汉 430019

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（61501506）

详细信息

作者简介:
谢文冲(1978–)，男，山西万荣人，2006年获国防科技大学信号与信息处理专业博士学位，现为空军预警学院雷达兵器运用工程军队重点实验室副教授。获国家技术发明二等奖和军队科技进步一等奖各1项(排名2、4)，授权国防发明专利25项，获软件著作权1项，在IEEE Trans. SP、IET RSN、SP和中国科学等期刊与会议上发表论文100余篇(SCI收录29篇)。IEEE会员，中国电子学会青年科学家俱乐部会员，空军高层次科技人才，武汉市优秀科技工作者。研究方向包括空时自适应处理、机载雷达信号处理和雷达目标检测等

段克清(1981–)，男，河北石家庄人，2010年获国防科技大学信号与信息处理专业博士学位，现为空军预警学院雷达兵器运用工程军队重点实验室讲师。在Signal Processing、中国科学和电子学报等期刊与会议上发表论文40余篇。研究方向包括空时自适应处理、机载雷达信号处理等

王永良(1965–)，男，浙江嘉兴人，中国科学院院士，空军预警学院教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向包括空时自适应处理、雷达信号处理和阵列信号处理等

通讯作者:
谢文冲 xwch1978@aliyun.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-08-04
- 修回日期: 2017-12-12
- 网络出版日期: 2017-12-28

Space Time Adaptive Processing Technique for Airborne Radar: An Overview of Its Development and Prospects

Key Research Laboratory, Wuhan Early Warning Academy, Wuhan 430019, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61501506)

摘要

摘要:
空时自适应处理(Space Time Adaptive Processing, STAP)技术通过空域和时域2维联合自适应滤波的方式，实现了机载雷达对强杂波与干扰的有效抑制。作为提升机载雷达性能的一项关键技术，近年来备受雷达领域的关注与世界军事强国的重视。该文从方法、实验系统和应用3个方面回顾了空时自适应处理技术的发展过程和研究现状，着重阐述了其发展过程中遇到的关键技术问题，介绍了STAP技术在装备上的应用情况，并讨论了下一步的发展趋势，提出了需要或值得进一步研究的方向。
- 空时自适应处理 /
- 机载雷达 /
- 杂波抑制 /
- 抗干扰 /
- 目标检测
Abstract:
Used to suppress strong clutter and jamming in airborne radar data, Space Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) is a multidimensional adaptive filtering technique that simultaneously combines signals from elements of an antenna array and multiple pulses of coherent radar waveforms. As a key technology for improving the performance of airborne radar, it has attracted much attention in the field of radar research and from powerful military nations in recent years. In this paper, the research and development status of STAP technology is reviewed including methodologies, experimental systems, and applications and we focus on the key technical problems encountered during its development. Then, the application of STAP technology in equipment is introduced. Finally, the next development trends, future directions, and areas worthy of further research are presented.
- Space Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) /
- Airborne radar /
- Clutter suppression /
- Anti-jamming /
- Target detection

HTML全文

表 1 典型STAP方法

Table 1. Typical STAP methods

序号	关键技术问题	典型STAP方法
1	运算量和误差问题	降维STAP方法
1	运算量和误差问题	降秩STAP方法
2	非均匀杂波问题	功率非均匀抑制法
		非均匀检测器
		直接数据域法
		模型参数化STAP方法
		知识辅助STAP方法
		稀疏恢复STAP方法
		混合STAP方法
3	非平稳杂波问题	1维补偿类方法
		2维补偿类方法
		空时内插类方法
		权值调整类方法
		逆协方差矩阵预测类方法
		3D-STAP方法
4	空时自适应检测问题	基于GLRT准则的STAD
		基于Rao准则的STAD
		基于Wald准则的STAD

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表 2 国内外典型STAP实时处理系统

Table 2. Typical STAP real-time processing systems at home and abroad

时间(年)	国家	机构	STAP系统
1994	中国	西安电子科技大学	机载预警雷达实验系统，由大约100片DSP21060/ADSP21062构成
1996	美国	MHPCC(Maui High Performance Computer Center) MIT	采用IBM超级计算机SP2，主要用于处理Mountain Top实测数据
1996	美国	AFRL	MCARM实验系统：L波段，28个Paragon处理节点
2000	美国	Raytheon	UESA (UHF Electronically Scanned Array)计划，UHF频段电扫阵列，主要用于预警机雷达升级改造试验
2002	美国	MIT	KASSPER项目，基于知识辅助的机载雷达实验验证
2004	美国	AFRL	自组织智能雷达系统AIRS，将人工智能与知识辅助相结合的新一代雷达
2005	美国	AFRL	无人机联合侦察与作战计划，充分运用了KASSPER和AIRS实验的成果
2006	中国	空军预警学院	机载雷达通用可编程STAP系统，实现了三/四通道机载预警雷达实测数据的实时处理
2008	英国	QinetiQ Malvern	PACER (Phased Array Concepts Evaluation RIG)雷达原理样机，32个自适应接收通道
2012	中国	中国电科集团公司14所/38所	多通道机载预警雷达STAP系统

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