Circulation Retrieval of Wake Vortices under Rainy Conditions with an X Band Radar

Jean-Yves Schneider,  Gilles Beauquet,  Frédéric Barbaresco

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Citation: Jean-Yves Schneider, Gilles Beauquet, Frédéric Barbaresco. Circulation Retrieval of Wake Vortices under Rainy Conditions with an X Band Radar[J]. Journal of Radars, 2017, 6(6): 673-699. doi: 10.12000/JR17070
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Circulation Retrieval of Wake Vortices under Rainy Conditions with an X Band Radar

DOI: 10.12000/JR17070

  • BU Advanced Radar Concept, Surface Radar, Thales Air Systems, Limours, France

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    Author Bio:

    Jean-Yves Schneider, Engineer specialist in Advanced Studies

    Dr Gilles Beauquet, Engineer specialist in Electromagnetic modelling

    Frédéric Barbaresco, Thales senior expert in the processing & computing domain for Thales Land & Air Systems

    Corresponding author: Jean-Yves Schneider. E-mail: jean-yves-j.schneider@thalesgroup.com

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    摘要
  • Abstract:

    At airports, runway operation is the limiting factor for the overall throughput; specifically the fixed and overly conservative ICAO wake turbulence separation minima. The wake turbulence hazardous flows can dissipate quicker because of decay due to air turbulence or be transported out of the way on oncoming traffic by cross-wind, yet wake turbulence separation minima do not take into account wind conditions. Indeed, for safety reasons, most airports assume a worst-case scenario and use conservative separations; the interval between aircraft taking off or landing therefore often amounts to several minutes. However, with the aid of accurate wind data and precise measurements of wake vortex by radar sensors, more efficient intervals can be set, particularly when weather conditions are stable. Depending on traffic volume, these adjustments can generate capacity gains, which have major commercial benefits. This paper presents the use of Electronic scanning radar for detecting wake vortices. In this method, the raindrops Doppler spectrogram is used to retrieve the strength of the wake vortex. Numerical simulation are performed to establish an empirical model used during the retrieval method. This paper presents also the results obtained during the trials of the PARIS-CDG data set recorded from October 2014 to November 2015 with an X-band RADAR developed and deployed by THALES.

     

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  • Figure  1.  THALES X-band RADAR

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    Figure  2.  Location of THALES X-band RADAR

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    Figure  3.  RADAR scanning domain (horizontal)

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    Figure  4.  RADAR scanning domain (vertical)

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    Figure  5.  Global architecture of RADAR system deployed in PARIS-CDG

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    Figure  6.  X-band RADAR modes available

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    Figure  7.  Notations used to define a scenario

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    Figure  8.  Mean Doppler velocity as a function of range-Case of A319-Beam elevation 5°

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    Figure  9.  Comparison between TL(max) and its fitted function-All beams

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    Figure  10.  Comparison between TR(min) and its fitted function- All beams

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    Figure  11.  Block diagram of wake vortex processing

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    Figure  12.  Range evaluation-A380-RADAR beam elevation 5°

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    Figure  13.  Elevation evaluation-A380-RADAR beam elevation 5°

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    Figure  14.  Circulation evaluation-A380-RADAR beam elevation 5°

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    Figure  15.  Range/Doppler map-Impact of ground clutter

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    Figure  16.  Pre-processing-A342-2015/01/28 05:22-All beams-scan 2

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    Figure  17.  Vmin & Vmax-A342-2015/01/28 05:22-All beams

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    Figure  18.  DL & DR-A342-2015/01/28 05:22-All beams

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    Figure  19.  Data availability-Threshold 27R landing recordings

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    Figure  20.  Histogram of instantaneous wind direction (MET data)

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    Figure  21.  Histogram of instantaneous wind speed (mean=5.4 m/s, MET data)

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    Figure  22.  Durations of vortices for all landing aircraft per category-Threshold 27R

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    Figure  23.  Coefficient a versus b0 (all categories)-Threshold 27R

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    Figure  24.  Histogram of measured Vmin & Vmax (all categories)-Threshold 27R

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    Table  1.   Statistics about observed landing aircrafts

    Number of recordings
    (Any SNR)     		category M: category H: category S: Number of recordings in presence
    of rain (SNRe≥5 dB)     		category M: category H: category S:
    26924 18411 7380 1131 7936 5403 2193 340
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    Table  2.   Calculation of detection probability 1/2

    WTC (Wake
    Turbulence Category)     		SNR > 5 dB SNR > 10 dB
    detected/total detected/total
    Cat. M 1734/2332 (74.4%) 1362/1803 (75.5%)
    Cat. H 740/820 (90.2%) 573/632 (90.7%)
    Cat. S 154/169 (91.1%) 103/113 (91.2%)
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    Table  3.   Calculation of detection probability 2/2

    WTC SNR > 15 dB SNR > 20 dB
    detected/total detected/total
    Cat. M 1001/1282 (78.1%) 472/632 (74.7%)
    Cat. H 394/436 (90.4%) 211/226 (93.4%)
    Cat. S 64/70 (91.4%) 27/30 (90.0%)
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    Table  4.   Statistical results

    Category Npoints νavg (m/s) σavg (m/s) νmode (m/s)
    All 2639 2,10 0,89 1,75
    M 1879 1,94 0,79 1,75
    H 638 2,49 0,95 1,75
    S 2639 2,10 0,89 1,75
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    • 参考文献(28)
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2017-07-11
  • 修回日期:  2017-12-15
  • 网络出版日期:  2017-12-28

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