doi:10.12000/JR17056

Next Generation Scanning LIDAR Systems for Optimizing Wake Turbulence Separation Minima

DOI: 10.12000/JR17056

LEOSPHERE, Orsay, France

More Information

Author Bio:
Ludovic Thobois received a Phd Thesis from INP Toulouse, France in Fluid dynamics (2006). He studied large eddy simulations of turbulent flows close to surfaces without and with chemistry. He joined in 2011 the advanced research division of LEOSPHERE as the scientific studies manager. He was in charge of developing new post-processing techniques for providing more accurate and relevant observations from LIDAR raw data. He is an active participant of several working groups in Europe in charge of exploring the capabilities of new remote sensors for meteorology and aviation weather applications. He was for example involved in several SESAR workpackages related to the measurements of wake vortex and the detection of wind shear at several airports in Europe including Paris-Charles de Gaulle airport. He is also involved ina COST European action related to the cooperation of European countries in science and technology for the study of remote sensing in future observing networks for weather & climate. He is the author of many articles and presentations in international conferences in the fields of meteorology, aviation weather related conferences. He was also an active participant of the expert groups related to wake turbulence in Europe (WAKENET-EU) and in USA (WAKENET-US)

Jean-Pierre Cariou is Scientific Director at Leosphere and senior scientist in lidar technology. He received an engineer degree in Optics from Institutd’ Optique Graduate School inOrsay in 1981 and a PhD in Astronomy and Spatial Techniques in 1983. At ONERA (French Aerospace Lab), he has been involved in many developments of coherent lidars and laser imagers. During 10 years, he was the head of the Laser and Optoelectronics research group, including 20 scientists. He developed different generations of lidars and participated to studies both in instrumental modeling, source development and instrument design. Since 1995, he has been creating new lidar instruments based on 1.5 µm Erbium doped fiber amplifiers, allowing single mode operation, reliability and cost effectiveness. In 2007, he joined Leosphere as Associate and Technical Director. Since then, Leosphere is developing a family of coherent wind lidars, for wind energy market, meteorology and airport wind hazard monitoring. He is currently heading the Scientific Research & Technologies Department (DRST), including new technologies and signal processing developments, and external cooperation with academic institutions and companies as well. He is author of many articles in the lidar field and tutored 5 PhD theses. Jean-Pierre Cariou has been awarded the 2010 Inventor prize by the Marius Lavet Foundation and the Montgolfier 2013 prize by the SEIN in France

Corresponding author: Ludovic Thobois. E-mail: ludovic.thobois@free.fr

摘要

Abstract:
Numerous studies have been performed to better understand the behavior of wake vortices with regards to aircraft characteristics and weather conditionsover the pastten years. These studies have led to the development of the aircraft RECATegorization (RECAT) programs in Europe and in USA. Its phase one focused on redefining distance separation matrix with six static aircraft wake turbulence categories instead of three with the current International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) regulations. In Europe, the RECAT-EU regulation is now entering under operational implementation atseveral key airports. As proven by several research projects in the past, LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) sensors are considered as the ground truth wake vortex measurements for assessing the safety impact of a new wake turbulence regulation at an airport in quantifying the risks given the local specificities. LIDAR’s can also be used to perform risk monitoring after the implementation. In this paper, the principle to measure wake vortices with scanning coherent Doppler LIDARs is described as well as its dedicated post-processing. Finally the use of WINDCUBELIDAR based solution for supporting the implementation of new wake turbulenceregulation is described along with satisfyingresults that have permitted the monitoring of the wake vortex encounter risk after the implementation of a new wake turbulence regulation.
- Wake turbulence /
- Wake vortices /
- LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) /
- Algorithm /
- Circulation /
- Data collection /
- Safety case /
- Risk monitoring

HTML全文

Figure 1. Setup for monitoring wake vortices at airport

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 2. Picture of the WINDCUBE200S LIDAR installationat Paris-Charles de Gaulle airport

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 3. Scanning scenarios used with the WINDCUBE200S LIDAR for the wake vortex data collection at Paris-Charles De Gaulle airport

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 4. Comparison of landed aircrafts and periods of wake measurements of WINDCUBE200S LIDAR

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 5. Histogram of track duration in seconds

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 6. Correlation graphs of the circulations obtained for the left (blue) and right (red) wake vortices by the algorithm for heavy (left) and Jumbo (right) aircrafts

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 7. Decay of circulations obtained for the left (blue) and right (red) wake vortices by the algorithm for heavy (left) and Jumbo (right) aircrafts

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 8. Time evolutions of the positions in X and Z (top left), the vortex span (top right) and of circulations (bottom) of a pair of wake vortices generated by a Jumbo aircraft the 20^th November 2015.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 9. Maps of radial wind measurements provided by the LIDAR showing the evolution of the pair of wake vortices generated by a Jumbo aircraft the 20^th of November at 18:40:58, 18:41:17, 18:41:35, 18:41:54, 18:42:13 and 18:43.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Table 1. Accuracy on initial vortex span and initial circulation for Heavy and Jumbo aircrafts

Vortex span and intial circulation	Mean Absolute Error	Mean Relative Error (%)
Vortex span for Heavy	1.49 m	3.16
Vortex span for Jumbo	2.21 m	3.5
Initial circulation of left vortex for Heavy	24.32 m²/s	5.52
Initial circulation of right vortex for Heavy	34.53 m²/s	7.65
Initial circulation of left vortex for Jumbo	46.18 m²/s	6.12
Initial circulation of right vortex for Jumbo	86.40 m²/s	11.3

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(16)

[1]	CREDOS: Crosswind-reduced separations for departure operations[Z]. EU Project Program: FP6-AEROSPACE, Ref.: 30837, Start date: 2006-06-01, End date: 2009-11-30, Record Number: 81468.
[2]	AWIATOR. Aircraft wing advanced technology operations[R]. G4RD-CT-2002-00836.
[3]	FAR WAKE Fundamental Research on Aircraft Wake Phenomena[Z]. EU Project Funded Under: FP6-AEROSPACE Ref.: 12238, Start date: 2005-02-01, End date: 2008-05-31.
[4]	De Visscher I, Winckelmans G, and Treve V. Characterization of aircraft wake vortex circulation decay in reasonable worst case conditions[C]. 54th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, California, USA, 2016.
[5]	Veillette P R. Data show that U.S. wake-turbulence accidents are most frequent at low altitude and during approach and landing[J].Flight Safety Digest, 2002, 21(3-4): 1–47.
[6]	Rooseler F and Treve V. RECAT-EU european wake turbulence categorisation and separation minima on approach and departure[R]. EUROCONTROL Technical Report, 2015.
[7]	EASA. EASA executive director letter to the EASA management board 2014(D)54308[Z]. 2014.
[8]	Burnham D C and Wang F Y. Do wake vortices behave differently under non-lidar-friendly weather conditions?[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2015, 52(3): 993–997.
[9]	Cariou J P, Augere B, Valla M, et al. Laser source requirements for coherent lidars based on fiber technology[J]. Comptes Rendus Physique, 2006, 7(2): 213–223.
[10]	Dolfi-Bouteyre A, Augére B, Besson C, et al.. 1.5 μm all fiber pulsed LIDAR for wake vortex monitoring[C]. Proceedings of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2008 and 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science, San Jose, CA, 2007.
[11]	Smalikho I N, Banakh V A, Holzäpfel F, et al. Method of radial velocities for the estimation of aircraft wake vortex parameters from data measured by coherent Doppler lidar[J]. Optics Express, 2015, 23(19): A1194–A1207.
[12]	Loaec S, Thobois L, Cariou J P, et al.. Monitoring wake vortices with a scanning Doppler LIDAR[C]. International Laser Radar Conference, Porto Heli, 2012.
[13]	Matayoshi N and Yoshikawa E. Wake vortex measurement campaign towards reduced separation[C]. WakeNet-Europe Workshop 2015, Amsterdam, 2015.
[14]	Wassaf H S, Burnham D C, and Wang F Y. Wake vortex tangential velocity adaptive spectral (TVAS) algorithm for pulsed lidar systems[C]. 16th Coherent Laser Radar Conference, Long Beach, California, 2011.
[15]	Köpp F, Rahm S, and Smalikho I. Characterization of aircraft wake vortices by 2-μm pulsed Doppler lidar[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2004, 21(2): 194–206.
[16]	Frehlich R and Sharman R. Maximum likelihood estimates of vortex parameters from simulated coherent Doppler lidar data[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2005, 22(2): 117–130.