机载同时同频MIMO-SAR系统研究概述

王杰; 丁赤飚; 梁兴东; 陈龙永; 祁志美

doi:10.12000/JR17046

机载同时同频MIMO-SAR系统研究概述

DOI: 10.12000/JR17046

王杰^1,2,,
丁赤飚^1,,
梁兴东^1, ,,
陈龙永^1,,
祁志美^2,

①.
中国科学院电子学研究所微波成像技术重点实验室北京 100190
②.
中国科学院电子学研究所传感技术联合国家重点实验室北京 100190

基金项目: 国家863计划项目（2013AA122201）

详细信息

作者简介:
王　杰(1986–)，男，博士，现为中国科学院电子学研究所传感技术联合国家重点实验室博士后，主要从事多输入多输出合成孔径雷达、多维统一信号、雷达通信一体化等领域的研究工作。E-mail: wangjie110_ucas@sina.com

丁赤飚(1969–)，男，研究员，博士生导师，现任中国科学院电子学研究所副所长，主要从事合成孔径雷达、遥感信息处理和应用系统等领域的研究工作，先后主持多项国家863重点项目和国家级遥感卫星地面系统工程建设项目，曾获国家科技进步一等奖、二等奖各一项。E-mail: cbding@mail.ie.ac.cn

梁兴东(1973–)，男，研究员，博士生导师，现任中国科学院电子学研究所微波成像技术重点实验室常务主任，主要从事高分辨率合成孔径雷达系统、干涉合成孔径雷达系统、成像处理及应用和实时数字信号处理等领域的研究工作。E-mail: xdliang@mail.ie.ac.cn

陈龙永(1979–)，男，研究员，硕士生导师，现任中国科学院电子学研究所微波成像技术重点实验室常务副主任，主要从事高分辨率合成孔径雷达系统、干涉合成孔径雷达系统、微波成像新概念、新体制和新技术等领域的研究工作。E-mail: lychen@mail.ie.ac.cn

祁志美(1967–)，男，研究员，博士生导师，现任中国科学院电子学研究所传感技术联合国家重点实验室常务副主任，主要从事纳米光电功能材料、光MEMS技术、集成光波导传感器与系统、表界面光谱分析技术与仪器等领域的研究工作。E-mail: zhimei-qi@mail.ie.ac.cn

通讯作者:
梁兴东 xdliang@mail.ie.ac.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-04-11
- 修回日期: 2017-06-02
- 网络出版日期: 2018-04-28

Research Outline of Airborne MIMO-SAR System with Same Time-frequency Coverage

Wang Jie^{1,2
,},
Ding Chibiao^1
,,
Liang Xingdong^{1
, ,},
Chen Longyong^1
,,
Qi Zhimei^2
,

①.
Science and Technology on Microwave Imaging Laboratory, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
②.
State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Funds: The National 863 Program of China (2013AA122201)

摘要

摘要: 针对传统合成孔径雷达(SAR)体制带来的模式单一、核心指标已接近极限等瓶颈问题，近年来提出了一种新体制多输入多输出合成孔径雷达(MIMO-SAR)。该雷达系统通过更多的收发阵元获得更为丰富的系统自由度，并以此突破传统SAR体制限制，实现高分辨率宽测绘带跨越发展和多模式协同。该文深度剖析了MIMO-SAR概念内涵与技术特点，概括了国内外研究现状与技术发展趋势，总结归纳了国际首部同时同频MIMO-SAR研制经验与飞行试验结果，并展望分析了MIMO SAR应用前景，以期为我国未来SAR技术奠定基础。
- 同时同频MIMO-SAR /
- 多维正交波形 /
- 多模式协同 /
- 飞行试验
Abstract: To solve the bottlenecks associated with traditional Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems related to the limitations of single working models and core indexes, a new system known as Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) SAR was recently proposed. This novel radar system obtains greater freedom by the use of more equivalent transceivers. As such, it is not constrained by the limitations of traditional SAR systems and can achieve high-resolution wide-swath imaging and mean-time multi-mode operation. In this paper, we analyze the connotations and characteristics of MIMO-SAR in depth, and summarize the current research situation and future development trends. To lay a foundation for China’s future SAR technology, we have also developed the first MIMO-SAR prototype with the same time-frequency coverage. We summarize the key technologies and flight results and analyze the prospects for MIMO-SAR applications.
- Multi-Input Multi-Output Synthetic Aperture Radar (MIMO-SAR) /
- Multi-dimensional waveform encoding /
- Multi-mode /
- Flight experiment

HTML全文

图 1 MIMO-SAR分类示意图

Figure 1. Diagrammatic sketch of MIMO-SAR

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图 2 空时编码MIMO-SAR示意图^[30]

Figure 2. Diagrammatic sketch of space-time coding MIMO-SAR^[30]

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图 3 MIMO-SAR多维波形编码示意图^[10]

Figure 3. Diagrammatic sketch of multidimensional waveform coding MIMO-SAR^[10]

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图 4 基于DBF的多维波形解码成像示意图^[5]

Figure 4. Diagrammatic sketch of multidimensional waveform decoding MIMO-SAR using DBF^[5]

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图 5 弱化正交准则对SAR成像能力的影响示意图

Figure 5. Diagrammatic sketch of weakened orthogonality criterion impact on SAR imaging

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图 6 多维正交波形概念示意图^[5]

Figure 6. Diagrammatic sketch of multidimensional orthogonal waveform^[5]

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图 7 线性调频信号与OFDM信号成像结果比较图

Figure 7. Comparison between chirp and OFDM imaging results

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图 8 OFDM Chirp信号改进前后的频谱比较图

Figure 8. Comparison between the original and improved OFDM Chirp spectrum

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图 9 并行观测通道发射信号的多普勒频谱示意图

Figure 9. Diagrammatic sketch of Doppler spectrum simultaneously radiated by two channels

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图 10 MIMO-SAR系统框图

Figure 10. MIMO-SAR system topology

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图 11 MIMO-SAR挂载图

Figure 11. MIMO-SAR mounted on the plane

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图 12 高分宽幅成像结果

Figure 12. Imaging results of high resolution wide swath mode

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图 13 高分宽幅定标点扩展函数

Figure 13. Calibrated point spread function of high resolution wide swath mode

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图 15 宽幅模式定标点扩展函数

Figure 15. Calibrated point spread function of wide swath mode

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图 16 聚束模式定标点扩展函数

Figure 16. Calibrated point spread function of spotlighting mode

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图 14 多模式协同成像结果

Figure 14. Imaging results of multimodal operation

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表 1 同时同频MIMO-SAR系统参数

Table 1. Parameter of MIMO-SAR system with same time-frequency coverage

总体参数	载频		5.4 GHz
	天线尺寸		1236 mm×128 mm
	相位中心数目		8个
	作用距离		10～100 km
	功耗		≤1800 W
高分宽幅模式	带宽		560 MHz
	时宽		75 μs
	幅宽		≥30 km
多模式	宽幅模式	带宽	100 MHz
		时宽	150 μs
		幅宽	50～70 km
	聚束模式	带宽	560 MHz
		时宽	150 μs
		幅宽	距离≥6 km，方位≥4 km
	GMTI模式	最小可检测速度	≤10 km/h

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