基于时频参数估计的单星多雷达辐射源合成孔径无源定位方法

张顺生; 蔡子涵; 刘永旭

doi:10.12000/JR25165

基于时频参数估计的单星多雷达辐射源合成孔径无源定位方法

DOI: 10.12000/JR25165 CSTR: 32380.14.JR25165

1.
电子科技大学电子科学技术研究院成都 611731
2.
电子信息控制重点实验室成都 610036

基金项目: 国家部委基金

详细信息

作者简介:
张顺生，博士，研究员/博士生导师，主要研究方向为新体制雷达探测与成像、人工智能技术在雷达、电子战中的应用等

蔡子涵，硕士生，主要研究方向为单星合成孔径定位

刘永旭，博士，高级工程师，主要研究方向为卫星电子载荷总体技术、信号和信息处理等

通讯作者:
张顺生，zhangss@uestc.edu.cn

责任主编：孙光才 Corresponding Editor: SUN Guangcai

中图分类号: TN958
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-09-03
- 修回日期: 2025-11-07

Synthetic Aperture Passive Localization of a Single-satellite Multi-radar Emitter via Time-frequency Parameter Estimation

1.
Research Institute of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
2.
Science and Technology on Electronic Information Control Laboratory, Chengdu 610036, China

Funds: The National Ministries Foundation

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHANG Shunsheng, zhangss@uestc.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 基于合成孔径的无源定位方法具有高的定位精度，但对多个发射线性调频信号的雷达辐射源，由于难以分辨多个在时域和频域均混叠的信号，这会引起信号的相位重叠，导致其定位性能显著下降。针对这个问题，该文提出了一种基于时频参数估计的单星多雷达辐射源合成孔径无源定位方法。首先，构建了多个发射线性调频信号的雷达辐射源信号模型，采用短时傅里叶变换(STFT)与DBSCAN联合估计多个雷达辐射源信号的时频参数，通过STFT结合粗估计与精估计的搜索方式实现方位调频率的快速估计，最终通过距离和方位两维聚焦实现多个雷达辐射源的准确定位。在此基础上，推导了该文所提方法的克拉美罗下界(CRLB)。实验结果表明：与改进实值空时子空间数据融合的直接定位法相比，所提方法在信噪比–10 dB下定位精度提高了约10 km；与基于CLEAN的合成孔径多源定位方法相比，所提方法运算时间缩短一半。
- 单星合成孔径定位 /
- 多雷达辐射源 /
- 时频混叠 /
- 时频参数估计 /
- 短时傅里叶变换-基于密度聚类
Abstract: Passive localization methods based on synthetic aperture imaging offer high positioning accuracy. However, in scenarios involving multiple radar emitters transmitting Linear Frequency-Modulated (LFM) signals, distinguishing signals that are overlapped in the time and frequency domains can be challenging. This phenomenon, known as phase overlap, results in a significant degradation of localization performance. To address this issue, the present paper proposes a single-satellite multi-radar-emitter passive localization method based on synthetic aperture imaging using time-frequency parameter estimation. First, a signal model for multiple radar emitters transmitting LFM signals is constructed. The time-frequency parameters of the multiple radar emitter signals are estimated concurrently via a combination of Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and DBSCAN. A rapid approximation of the azimuth chirp rate is attained through a coarse-to-fine search strategy founded upon the use of the STFT. The accurate localization of multiple radar emitters is ultimately realized through the implementation of two-dimensional focusing in the range and azimuth dimensions. The Cramer-Rao lower bound of the proposed method is derived on this basis. The experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed method enhances the localization accuracy by approximately 10 km at a signal-to-noise ratio of −10 dB, in comparison with the enhanced real-valued space-time subspace data fusion-based direct positioning method. Moreover, it reduces the computational time by half relative to the CLEAN-based synthetic aperture multi-source localization approach.
- Single-satellite synthetic aperture passive localization /
- Multi-radar emitters /
- Time-frequency aliasing /
- Time-frequency parameter estimation /
- STFT-DBSCAN

HTML全文

图 1 基于合成孔径的单星无源定位场景

Figure 1. Single-satellite passive localization scenario based on synthetic aperture

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图 2 多LFM信号的时频分布

Figure 2. Time-frequency distribution of multiple LFM signals

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图 3 边缘提取

Figure 3. Edge extraction

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图 4 所提多雷达辐射源合成孔径无源定位流程

Figure 4. The proposed synthetic aperture-based passive localization workflow for multi-radar emitters

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图 5 不同定位方法的运行时间与搜索分辨率的变化关系

Figure 5. The relationship between the running time and search resolution of different positioning methods

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图 6 不同定位方法的运行时间与搜索范围的变化关系

Figure 6. The relationship between the running time and search range of different positioning methods

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图 7 多雷达辐射源信号的时域与频域混叠图

Figure 7. Time-domain and frequency-domain overlap of multi-radar radiation source signals

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图 8 文献[11]的处理结果

Figure 8. Processing results from Ref. [11]

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图 9 辐射源信号时频图

Figure 9. Time-frequency distribution of target signal

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图 10 理论与实际的脉压结果对比图

Figure 10. Comparison between theoretical pulse compression and practical application

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图 11 本文方法的定位结果

Figure 11. Localization results using the proposed method

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图 12 辐射源信号时频图

Figure 12. Time-frequency distribution of different modulated emitter signals

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图 13 不同调制辐射源信号的定位结果

Figure 13. Localization results of different modulated emitter signals

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图 14 不同定位方法的RMSE随信噪比的变化关系

Figure 14. Localization RMSE versus SNR using different methods

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表 1 实验参数

Table 1. Experimental parameters

参数	数值
卫星高度(km)	550
卫星速度(m/s)	7500
采样率(MHz)	20
辐射源位置	(120.250°, 24.456°, 0) (120.250°, 25.456°, 0) (121.250°, 24.456°, 0)
载频(GHz)	12
带宽(MHz)	8, 10, 9
脉冲持续时间(μs)	18, 17, 15
合成孔径时间(s)	1

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