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Simultaneous Direction of Arrival Estimation and Radar Cross-section Reduction Based on Space-time-coding Digital Metasurfaces
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摘要: 传统的波达角(DOA)估计方法的实现通常基于相控阵天线系统，而其高昂的硬件成本限制该技术在不同领域的应用和推广，此外相控阵天线普遍不具备隐身性能，其在工作频段内雷达散射截面积(RCS)普遍较高。为解决上述问题，该文在时空编码(STC)理论的基础上提出了一种基于超表面同时实现RCS缩减和DOA估计的方法，并利用一款毫米波超表面对算法进行了验证。实验结果表明，该方法实现的波达角估计误差在1°以内，同时RCS缩减大于10 dB，为DOA估计和RCS缩减功能的集成提供了全新的思路，具有高性能、低成本等特点。Abstract: The traditional Direction Of Arrival (DOA) estimation is typically based on phased array antenna systems. However, it is greatly limited by the high hardware cost for applications in various fields. In addition, conventional phased array antennas also suffer from the high Radar Cross-Section (RCS), which cannot be employed for stealth purposes. To address these issues, we propose a new algorithm based on the Space-Time-coding (STC) strategy for simultaneous DOA estimation and RCS reduction, which is further experimentally verified using a metasurface in the millimeter band. The results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed DOA method with an error below 1°. Meanwhile, a good RCS reduction of over 10 dB is achieved in the bandwidth of interest. The proposed algorithm paves a new path to integrating DOA estimation and RCS reduction with a single metasurface, with the advantages of low cost and good performance.
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图 1 基于时空编码数字超表面同时实现RCS缩减和DOA估计方法的示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of DOA method based on STC digital metasurface with low RCS reduction
图 2 周期为
$ {T_0} $ ，占空比为50%的不同时空数字编码序列的时域信号和频谱分布Figure 2. Time-domain signals and frequency spectrums of different STC sequences with a duty cycle of 50% and a period of
$ {T_0} $ 
图 3 时空编码数字超表面单元、实物阵面、仿真和测试结果
Figure 3. STC digital meta-atom, fabricated metasurface, simulated and measured results
图 4 单元在不同斜入射角度情况下的仿真结果
Figure 4. The simulated results of the meta-atom under different oblique incident angles
图 5 基于时空数字编码超表面同时实现RCS缩减和DOA估计的实验场景
Figure 5. Experimental scenario of DOA estimation method with low RCS based on STC digital metasurface
图 6 DOA估计和RCS缩减测试结果
Figure 6. The measured results of DOA estimation and RCS reduction
表 1 二极管等效串连电路参数
Table 1. Equivalent serial circuit parameters of the PIN diode
状态 电流(mA) 电阻R (Ω) 电感L (nH) 电容C (pF) 关断 0 6.5 0 0.063 导通 15 4.6 0.204 0 
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