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Feature Detection of Acoustically Induced Sea Surface Micro-motions with Terahertz Radar
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摘要: 水下声信号传播到水面时，由于水和空气的声阻抗差，会激发水表面横向微幅波，其振动信号包含了声源的相关信息。雷达通过目标回波间的相位差来检测目标的微小位移，因此可以利用雷达检测水面微小位移变化获取水面振动信号，进而反演水下声源信息。该文首先分析了水下声传播的衰减特性及水面振动的物理模型，然后基于雷达回波模型对声致水面振动检测进行理论分析，提出了小波-卡尔曼滤波信号检测方法，最后在大型综合消声水池和黄海水域开展了基于太赫兹雷达的声致水面微动信号检测实验。实验结果表明所用太赫兹雷达能够检测声致水面的细微振动，所提算法能有效滤除水面干扰和雷达相位噪声并提取振动信号。实验首次在二级海况下检测到了亚微米级的振动信号，为水-空跨介质信息传输与水下航行器探测提供了依据。Abstract: When underwater acoustic signals propagate to the water surface, the acoustic impedance difference between water and air leads to transverse microamplitude waves on the water surface. These waves carry vibration frequencies containing relevant information about the sound source. Radar systems detect the slight displacement of the target through the phase difference between the target echoes; hence, radar systems can be used to detect small displacement changes on the water surface, thereby obtaining the water-surface vibration signal and subsequently inverting the underwater sound source information. In this study, we first analyzed the attenuation characteristics of underwater sound propagation and the physical model of water-surface vibration. Building upon the radar echo model for detecting acoustic water-surface vibration, we proposed a wavelet-Kalman filter signal detection method through theoretical analysis. Lastly, experiments were conducted in the large-scale comprehensive anechoic pool and the Yellow Sea water using terahertz radar for acoustic water-surface micromotion signal detection. The results demonstrate the capability of the terahertz radar to successfully detect acoustic water-surface microvibrations. The proposed method effectively filters water-surface interference and radar phase noise and extracts vibration signals. For the first time, submicron vibration signals were detected under a secondary sea state, providing a foundation for water-space transmedia information transmission and underwater vehicle detection.
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图 1 振幅和衰减系数随频率变化示意图
Figure 1. Schematic of amplitude and attenuation coefficient as a function of frequency
图 2 声致水面振动俯视及纵向剖面振幅示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of top view and longitudinal profile amplitude of acoustic water surface vibration
图 6 122.5 GHz太赫兹雷达水下0.2 m声源无干扰单频信号处理结果
Figure 6. 122.5 GHz Terahertz radar underwater 0.2 m sound source without interference single-frequency signal processing results
图 7 微波雷达水下0.2 m声源无干扰单频信号处理结果
Figure 7. Microwave radar underwater 0.2 m sound source without interference single-frequency signal processing results
图 8 太赫兹雷达探测水下0.2 m声源无干扰单频信号处理频率分析
Figure 8. Frequency analysis of interference-free single-frequency signal processing for Terahertz radar detection of underwater 0.2 m sound source
图 9 0.2 m无干扰线性调频信号及BPSK信号处理结果
Figure 9. 0.2 m interference-free linear FM signal and BPSK signal processing results
图 10 0.5 m声源无干扰单频信号处理结果
Figure 10. 0.5 m sound source without interference single-frequency signal processing results
图 11 1.0 m声源无干扰单频信号处理结果
Figure 11. 1.0 m sound source without interference single-frequency signal processing results
图 14 海面起伏距离像及振动信息
Figure 14. Sea surface undulation distance image and vibration information
图 15 0.5 m处300~500 Hz单频信号处理结果
Figure 15. Results of 300~500 Hz single-frequency signal processing at 0.5 m
图 16 二级海况下300 Hz信号处理结果
Figure 16. Results of 300 Hz signal processing in secondary sea state
表 1 雷达实验参数设置
Table 1. Radar experiment parameter setting
参数 第1组 第2组 中心频率(GHz) 122.5 24.5 带宽(GHz) 1 1 扫频时间(ms) 0.1 0.5 扫频周期(ms) 0.2 0.5 采样频率(kHz) 1000 256 波束宽度(°) 1 30 
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