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Low Probability of Intercept Based Energy Management and Beam-Position Task Scheduling Algorithm for Regional Search in Constellation Radar
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摘要: 该文针对星座雷达执行区域搜索任务场景，提出一种面向射频隐身的星座雷达区域搜索能量管控与波位任务调度算法。首先，将区域搜索空域按波位递推生成方式离散为波位集合，将各波位的检测概率信息融合为区域复合检测信息，结合该复合检测信息，推导包含波位先验威胁、几何链路系数与辐射能量分配等参数的区域加权检测概率解析表达式，并将其作为区域搜索任务性能的衡量指标。在此基础上，构建面向射频隐身的星座雷达区域搜索能量管控优化模型，即以最小化星座雷达的总辐射能量为优化目标，以满足预先设定的加权检测概率阈值与波位全覆盖性能要求为约束条件，对波位辐射能量进行优化分配；进一步结合配额感知轮询与补盲调度策略，将波位搜索任务调度至具体天基雷达执行，形成可执行的波位任务调度方案。针对上述优化问题，构造固定总辐射能量下的区域搜索性能函数，并结合外层单调二分搜索与内层Karush–Kuhn–Tucker(KKT)条件求解，形成两步分解求解算法。仿真结果表明，与对比算法相比，所提算法能够有效降低星座雷达系统在区域搜索任务中的总辐射能量，从而降低系统射频暴露风险。Abstract: This study proposes an algorithm focused on Low Probability of Intercept Based energy management and beam-position task scheduling for regional search in constellation radar systems. First, the search airspace is discretized into a set of beam positions using a recursive beam-position generation method. The detection data from individual beam positions are then combined to create regional composite detection information. Based on prior target threat distribution, geometric link gains, and radiation energy allocation, an analytical expression for the regional weighted detection probability is derived to serve as the performance metric for the regional search. On this basis, an RF stealth-oriented energy management optimization model is established, in which the total radiation energy of the constellation radar system is minimized while adhering to a specified threshold for the regional weighted detection probability and ensuring full coverage of all beam positions. In this model, the radiation energy for each beam position is treated as a continuous decision variable. The optimized beam-position search tasks are then assigned to specific space-based radars using a quota-aware polling and blind-compensation strategy to form a practical task scheduling scheme. To solve the formulated problem, a regional search performance function based on a fixed total radiation energy is constructed, and a two-step decomposition algorithm is developed. This algorithm combines an outer monotonic bisection search with an inner marginal-gain allocation based on the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker theorem. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm effectively reduces the total radiation energy of the constellation radar system compared to benchmark methods, thereby lowering the cumulative RF exposure level.
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Key words:
- Constellation radar /
- RF stealth /
- Energy management /
- Beam-position task scheduling /
- Regional search
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图 2 星座雷达波位检测概率、能量分配及波位任务调度结果
Figure 2. Beam-position detection probability, energy allocation, and beam-position task scheduling results of the constellation radar
图 3 不同算法能量消耗与检测性能对比
Figure 3. Comparison of energy consumption and detection performance under different algorithms
图 4 均匀先验场景下不同算法的能量消耗与检测性能对比
Figure 4. Comparison of energy consumption and detection performance of different algorithms in the uniform-prior scenario
图 5 不同轨道高度下不同算法达到检测门限所需能量
Figure 5. Required energy of different algorithms to achieve the detection threshold at different orbital heights
1 面向射频隐身的星座雷达区域搜索能量管控与波位任务调度算法
1. RF Stealth-oriented energy management and beam-position task scheduling algorithm for regional search in constellation radar
输入：预生成波位集合、区域检测性能门限、单波位能量上/下
界、波位先验威胁信息、几何链路信息及搜索终止阈值。输出：波位能量分配结果及多星波位任务调度结果。 步骤1 根据单波位能量约束初始化星座雷达总辐射能量搜索区间； 步骤2 在当前总能量预算下，构造固定总能量约束下的波位能
量优化子问题；步骤3 求解内层波位能量优化问题，得到当前总能量预算对应
的波位能量分配结果，并计算相应的区域加权检测概率；步骤4 判断当前检测性能是否满足预设门限；若满足，则收缩
总能量搜索上界，否则收缩搜索下界，并重复步骤二和步骤三，
直至满足终止条件；步骤5 根据最优波位能量分配结果和波位优先级，采用配额感
知轮询与补盲调度策略，将波位搜索任务分派至各天基雷达，并
按调度序列依次执行；步骤6 输出波位能量分配结果及波位任务调度结果。 
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表 1 星座雷达仿真参数设置
Table 1. Simulation parameters of the constellation radar
参数 数值 参数 数值 $ {G}_{\text{t}} $ 46 dB $ {L}_{\text{s}} $ 3 dB $ \lambda $ 0.03 m $ {k}_{\text{B}} $ $ 1.38\times {10}^{-23}\;{\mathrm{J}}/{\mathrm{K}} $ $ {T}_{\text{e}} $ 290 K $ \sigma $ $ 1{m}^{2} $ $ {A}_{\text{e}} $ $ 4\;{{\mathrm{m}}}^{2} $ $ {P}_{\text{fa}} $ $ 1e-6 $
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表 2 不同算法策略下的能量消耗与探测性能对比
Table 2. Comparison of energy consumption and detection performance under different algorithms
算法策略 资源分配机制 总辐射能量消耗 (MJ) 能量节约比 覆盖完备性 本文所提算法 拉格朗日解 0.105 - 100% 均匀资源分布算法 均匀能量分布 0.175 40.0% 100% 先验加权分配算法 仅依据威胁度分配 0.125 16.0% 100% 几何加权分配算法 仅补偿距离损耗 0.230 54.3% 100% 随机分配算法 随机资源调度 0.380 72.4% 100%
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