微波光子宽带涡旋电磁波雷达研究进展及应用

孙冠群; 张方正; 潘时龙

doi:10.12000/JR25263

微波光子宽带涡旋电磁波雷达研究进展及应用

DOI: 10.12000/JR25263 CSTR: 32380.14.JR25263

孙冠群^{1, 2},
张方正^1, ,,
潘时龙¹

1.
南京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院南京 211106
2.
南京师范大学计算机与电子信息学院南京 210023

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62371446)，上海航天科技创新基金(SAST2024-023)，重点研发计划项目课题(2021YFB2800803), 雷达成像与微波光子技术教育部重点实验室开放课题(NJ20250001)

详细信息

作者简介:
孙冠群，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为微波光子新体制雷达、前视雷达成像等

张方正，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要研究方向为微波光子学、微波光子雷达、雷达成像与抗干扰等

潘时龙，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要研究方向为基于微波光子技术的新体制雷达、无线通信、测量系统等

通讯作者:
张方正 zhangfangzheng@nuaa.edu.cn

责任主编：刘康 Corresponding Editor: LIU Kang

中图分类号: TN951
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-12-05

Research Advances and Applications of Microwave Photonic Broadband Vortex Electromagnetic Wave Radar

1.
College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
2.
School of Computer and Electronic Information, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (62371446), The Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Foundation (SAST2024-023), The National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant (2021YFB2800803), The Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics (NUAA), Ministry of Education, under Grant (NJ20250001)

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHANG Fangzheng, zhangfangzheng@nuaa.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 涡旋电磁波雷达利用携带轨道角动量的电磁波进行探测，可以在波束内提供独特的方位分辨能力并增强目标散射信息，在目标检测、成像与识别中具有重要潜力。然而，面对日益复杂的探测场景，传统涡旋电磁波雷达受限于电子器件带宽瓶颈，在宽带信号产生与调控方面面临巨大挑战，难以兼顾高距离分辨率与高方位分辨率。微波光子技术凭借其超宽带、低损耗及抗电磁干扰等天然优势，为突破上述限制提供了有效途径。该文介绍了微波光子宽带涡旋电磁波雷达的研究进展及其在前视成像领域的应用能力。首先，阐述了基于微波光子技术的宽带涡旋电磁信号收发架构与成像机理，深入分析了宽带条件下涡旋电磁波的频率依赖特性及其对成像的影响。其次，梳理了微波光子宽带移相、光控波束形成及宽带信号产生等关键技术，阐明其相较于传统电子方案的显著性能优势。在此基础上，展示了三种典型的微波光子宽带涡旋电磁波雷达系统方案，并通过原理样机实验验证了其在前视场景下的高分辨成像能力。最后，对微波光子宽带涡旋电磁波雷达未来的发展趋势进行了展望。
- 微波光子学 /
- 前视成像 /
- 涡旋电磁波雷达 /
- 轨道角动量 /
- 新体制雷达
Abstract: Vortex electromagnetic (EM) wave radars utilize EM waves carrying orbital angular momentum to enrich target scattering information, thereby providing intrinsic in-beam azimuth resolution. Hence, this technology holds significant potential for advanced target detection and imaging. However, as sensing scenarios become more complex, conventional electronic vortex EM wave radars are increasingly limited by device bandwidth. Specifically, they encounter substantial challenges in broadband signal generation and control, making it difficult to achieve high range and azimuth resolutions simultaneously. Microwave photonics technology, with its inherent advantages of wide bandwidth, low transmission loss, and robustness against electromagnetic interference, is an effectivesolution to overcome these limitations. This paper reviews recent progress in microwave photonic broadband vortex EM wave radars, addressing the requirements for forward-looking imaging. The fundamental system architectures and imaging mechanisms are elucidated, followed by a critical analysis of the frequency-dependent characteristics of broadband vortex waves and their implications for imaging performance. Key microwave photonic enabling technologies, including broadband phase shifting, optical beamforming, and broadband signal generation, are summarized, and their advantages over traditional electronic schemes in terms of performance are highlighted. Based on these insights, typical system implementation schemes are described, and their high-resolution forward-looking imaging capabilities are demonstrated through proof-of-concept experiments. Finally, future development trends and research directions are discussed.
- Microwave photonics /
- Forward-looking imaging /
- Vortex electromagnetic wave radar /
- Orbital angular momentum /
- New radar system

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图 1 微波光子涡旋电磁波雷达典型架构

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of microwave photonic vortex electromagnetic wave radar

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图 2 微波光子宽带移相技术典型原理框图^{[30, 33, 40]}

Figure 2. Diagrams of typical microwave photonic broadband phase shifters^{[30, 33, 40]}

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图 3 沿仰角方向的涡旋电磁场强观测结果图^[27]

Figure 3. Measured field patterns along elevation direction^[27]

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图 4 l = 15时不同带宽的涡旋电磁波的辐射场能量对比^[27]

Figure 4. The radiation fields of vortex EM waves with different bandwidths for l = 15 ^[27]

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图 5 不同仰角调制系数J_l(kasinθ)的幅频曲线^[27]

Figure 5. Amplitude-frequency curve of modulation coefficient J_l(kasinθ) with different elevation angles^[27]

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图 6 微波光子宽带涡旋电波雷达探测模型及成像处理流程

Figure 6. Detection model and imaging processing workflow of the microwave photonic broadband vortex EM wave radar

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图 7 基于微波光子移相的宽带涡旋电磁波雷达系统^[27]

Figure 7. Broadband vortex EM wave radar system based on microwave photonic phase shifting ^[27]

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图 8 基于微波光子移相的宽带涡旋电磁波产生原理示意图^[27]

Figure 8. Principle schematic of broadband vortex EM wave generation based on microwave photonic phase shifting^[27]

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图 9 基于微波光子移相的8通道宽带涡旋电磁波雷达系统^[27]

Figure 9. 8-channel broadband vortex EM wave radar system based on microwave photonic phase shifting^[27]

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图 10 微波光子移相器宽带工作性能验证^[27]

Figure 10. Broadband performance validation of the microwave photonic phase shifter^[27]

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图 11 不同模式及不同频率涡旋电磁波的辐射场观测结果^[27]

Figure 11. Measured amplitude and phase patterns of the vortex EM waves under different OAM modes and frequencies^[27]

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图 12 微波光子宽带涡旋电磁波雷达成像性能验证^[27]

Figure 12. Verification of high-resolution imaging performance for photonics-based broadband vortex EM wave radar^[27]

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图 13 基于单环光延时网络的宽带涡旋电磁快速成像雷达原理图^[28]

Figure 13. Schematic diagram of the broadband vortex EM fast imaging radar based on a single-loop optical delay network ^[28]

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图 14 涡旋电磁波频率-OAM模式关系示意图^[28]

Figure 14. Frequency versus OAM mode relationship for vortex EM waves ^[28]

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图 15 16个不同频率子脉冲的相位分布图^[28]

Figure 15. Phase distributions for 16 sub-pulses at different frequencies^[28]

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图 16 基于信息解耦的涡旋电磁波雷达图像重构方法流程图^[28]

Figure 16. Flowchart of the image reconstruction method based on information decoupling ^[28]

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图 17 单点目标成像结果对比^[28]

Figure 17. Comparison of imaging results for single-point target^[28]

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图 18 基于光注入半导体激光器的宽带涡旋电磁超分辨成像雷达系统原理图^[29]

Figure 18. Schematic diagram of the broadband vortex EM super-resolution imaging radar system based on an optical injection semiconductor laser ^[29]

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图 19 基于光注入半导体激光器的宽带涡旋电磁超分辨成像演示验证系统图^[29]

Figure 19. Diagram of the proof-of-concept system for super-resolution vortex EM imaging based on an optical injection semiconductor laser ^[29]

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图 20 雷达收发机性能验证^[29]

Figure 20. Verification of radar transceiver performance^[29]

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图 21 超分辨性能验证^[29]

Figure 21. Super-resolution performance verification ^[29]

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图 22 复杂目标成像对比^[29]

Figure 22. Comparison of complex target imaging performance^[29]

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