基于幅相不一致准则的建筑物SAR层析成像

解金卫; 李真芳; 王帆; 王志斌

doi:10.12000/JR19062

基于幅相不一致准则的建筑物SAR层析成像

doi: 10.12000/JR19062

解金卫^1,,
李真芳^1, ,,
王帆^2,,
王志斌^3,

1.
西安电子科技大学雷达信号处理国家重点实验室西安 710071
2.
南京电子技术研究所南京 210039
3.
北京空间飞行器总体设计部北京 100094

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (61671355)

详细信息

作者简介:
解金卫(1990–)，男，山西朔州人，博士生。2014年于西安电子科技大学获遥感科学与技术专业学士学位，现攻读西安电子科技大学遥感信息科学与技术专业博士学位。主要研究方向为3维层析成像、极化干涉SAR方向等。 E-mail: jwxie2012@163.com

李真芳(1977–)，男，山东寿光人，教授，博士生导师。2006年获得西安电子科技大学信号与信息处理博士学位，现为西安电子科技大学电子工程学院教授，主要研究方向为机载/星载合成孔径雷达信号处理、InSAR系统设计。 E-mail: lzf@xidian.edu.cn

王　帆(1983–)，男，安徽芜湖人，高级工程师。2011年在浙江大学获得地球探测与信息技术专业博士学位。现为南京电子技术研究所高级工程师，主要研究方向为雷达系统设计和极化SAR/InSAR信号处理。 E-mail: wsxyxh@163.com

王志斌(1989–)，男，山东寿光人，博士后。2018年获得西安电子科技大学信号与信息处理专业博士学位。现为北京空间飞行器总体设计部做在站博士后。主要研究方向为星载SAR/InSAR信号处理、星载多角度SAR成像技术研究。 Email: wzblq198905@163.com

通讯作者:
李真芳 lzf@xidian.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN957.52
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-06-26
- 修回日期: 2019-08-22
- 网络出版日期: 2020-02-01

SAR Tomography Imaging for Buildings Using an Inconsistency Criterion for Amplitude and Phase

XIE Jinwei^1
,,
LI Zhenfang^{1
, ,},
WANG Fan^2
,,
WANG Zhibin^3
,

1.
National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
2.
Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, Nanjing 210039, China
3.
Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing 100094, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61671355)

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Zhenfang, lzf@xidian.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 传统的谱分析和压缩感知(CS)等层析合成孔径雷达(TomoSAR)成像技术由于解斜处理需要估计得到精确的垂直雷达视线(PLOS)方向的垂直有效基线。为了避免此操作该文采用沿PLOS向进行搜索的空域波束形成(BF)方法进行层析聚焦。由于高分辨率SAR图像中城区建筑物结构复杂，不同航过SAR图像间存在观测视角差异，并且存在相干斑噪声影响，SAR图像中的所有同源点不能在相同的像素点同时进行精确地配准。为了从幅度和相位两个方面找出BF聚焦时最相关的像素点，提出了一种联合参考像素窗口中邻域像素点的幅度和相位来提取目标像素点的不一致性准则。根据不一致性准则的最小化提取出相应的同名像素点，以实现对层析成像的精确聚焦。利用仿真数据和高分辨X波段重复航过机载SAR系统录取的实测数据进行实验。实验结果中，利用传统方法聚焦得到的散射轮廓峰值位置在15.63 m而该文所提方法得到峰值位置在16.88 m，峰值位置更加接近建筑实际高度18 m。表明该方法能有效提高散射体在PLOS方向的聚焦能量，并精确提取建筑物的3维轮廓。
- 层析合成孔径雷达 /
- 层析成像 /
- 联合幅度和相位 /
- 不一致准则
Abstract: An indispensable step in the imaging of Tomographic Synthetic Aperture Radar (TomoSAR) in spectral analysis or Compressive Sensing (CS) technology is estimating the perpendicular baselines in the Perpendicular Line Of Sight (PLOS) in deramping operations. To avoid this procedure, we introduce a Beam Forming (BF) method in the spatial domain that scans for TomoSAR focusing in the PLOS direction. Because of the sophisticated structure of buildings in urban areas, multipass high-resolution SAR images suffer from discrepancies in the look and incidence angles as well as speckle noise. As a result, it is challenging to precisely coregister all the homologous points in the identical pixels of multipass SAR images. To identify the most relevant pixels with respect to both amplitude and phase when BF imaging is implemented, we propose an inconsistency criterion for specific pixels using the joint phase and amplitude of pixels in a window. By minimizing the inconsistency criterion, homologous points with high accuracy can be identified by focusing on TomoSAR imaging. We used simulation and real data from a multipass X-band airborne TomoSAR system in China to test the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the peak of the reflectivity profile via conventional tomographic imaging is about 15.63 m, whereas that by the proposed method is 16.88 m, which is very close to the actual height of the 18 m building. The results demonstrate the feasibility of improving the focusing power of scatterers in the PLOS direction and extracting the three-dimensional outliers of buildings.
- Tomographic Synthetic Aperture Radar (TomoSAR) /
- Tomographic imaging /
- Joint phase and amplitude /
- Inconsistence criterion

HTML全文

图 1 同名像素点失配示意图

Figure 1. Illustration of misregistration for homologous points

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图 2 层析成像几何示意图

Figure 2. Illustration of TomoSAR imaging

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图 3 层析成像流程图

Figure 3. Flowchart of TomoSAR imaging

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图 4 不同情形下航迹分布情况

Figure 4. Tacks distribution of TomoSAR under different circumstances

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图 5 情形1中3种航迹分布下不同成像方法对比

Figure 5. Comparison between different TomoSAR imaging for three tracks distributions under circumstance one

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图 6 情形2中3种航迹分布下不同成像方法对比

Figure 6. Comparison between different TomoSAR imaging for three tracks distributions under circumstance two

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图 7 情形3中不同信噪比下不同成像方法对比

Figure 7. Comparison between different TomoSAR imaging for different SNR under circumstance three

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图 8 重复航过TomoSAR成像试验

Figure 8. Campaign of multipass TomoSAR imaging

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图 9 所有航过局部SAR图像

Figure 9. Local SAR images of all the tracks

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图 10 不同方法层析成像剖面图

Figure 10. TomoSAR Section with different methods

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图 11 距离向23.44 m处剖面图

Figure 11. Local SAR images of all the tracks

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图 12 层析成像后散射点3维分布

Figure 12. 3D scatterers distributions after Tomographic imaging

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表 1 仿真参数

Table 1. Simulation parameters

参数	数值	参数	数值
中心频率(GHz)	10	雷达下视角(°)	45
带宽(MHz)	150	脉冲重复频率(Hz)	500
采样频率(MHz)	200	航过数	21
参考航过高度(m)	6000	基线间隔(m)	7.07
平台速度(m/s)	150	基线倾角(°)	45

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 X波段机载实测数据参数

Table 2. Parameters of the X-band airborne SAR sensor

参数	数值	参数	数值
航过数(次)	7	距离分辨率(m)	0.5
载频(GHz)	9.6	层析向孔径/(m)	54.62
入射角(°)	49	参考斜距(km)	10.65
方位分辨率(m)	0.5	层析向分辨率(m)	3.05

下载: 导出CSV

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