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XIANG Jianbing, ZHONG Lihua, WU Yifan, et al. An integrated detection-tracking-localization framework for moving ships in geosynchronous orbit synthetic aperture radar with experimental verification[J]. Journal of Radars, in press. doi: 10.12000/JR25235
Citation: XIANG Jianbing, ZHONG Lihua, WU Yifan, et al. An integrated detection-tracking-localization framework for moving ships in geosynchronous orbit synthetic aperture radar with experimental verification[J]. Journal of Radars, in press. doi: 10.12000/JR25235
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An Integrated Detection-tracking-localization Framework for Moving Ships in Geosynchronous Orbit Synthetic Aperture Radar with Experimental Verification

DOI: 10.12000/JR25235 CSTR: 32380.14.JR25235
  • 1.

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

  • 2.

    Key Laboratory of Target Cognition and Application Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

  • 3.

    National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging, Beijing 100190, China

  • 4.

    Suzhou Aerospace Information Research Institute, Suzhou 215128, China

  • 5.

    National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing 100081, China

  • 6.

    School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China

More Information
  • Corresponding author: HU Yuxin, huyx@aircas.ac.cn
  • Received Date: 2025-11-07
  • Rev Recd Date: 2026-02-11
    • Available Online: 2026-03-10
    Abstract
  • Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) detection ensures persistent, wide-area surveillance. However, this ship-detection method faces significant technical challenges, such as imaging defocusing, low Signal-to-Clutter Ratio (SCR), and large position offsets, due to the long detection distance, long synthetic aperture time, clutter accumulation within a large field of view, and nonplanar observation geometry. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel integrated detection-tracking-localization framework for moving-ship targets in GEO SAR. First, a GEO SAR observation signal model is established for moving ships, after which their echo characteristics within the ultra-long synthetic aperture time are analyzed in depth. On this basis, the model realizes target-image detection and long-term tracking localization via optimal subaperture processing. Using an improved back-projection imaging algorithm tailored for moving ships, effective energy accumulation and focusing of noncooperative ships under low SCR are achieved within the aperture. In addition, the relationship between the offset position of moving targets and the Range-Doppler (RD) parameters under GEO SAR nonplanar geometric observation is obtained. Second, under the assumption of short-term uniform ship motion, a bidirectional smoothing filter is applied to track the multisubaperture detection results. The velocity estimation of moving ships is obtained from the long-term tracking results, and the relocation of moving ships is realized using the RD relationship between the offset position and the actual position. Finally, the proposed framework is validated using simulation data and on-orbit GEO SAR satellite test data.

     

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