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| Citation: | ZHANG Jiaxiang, ZHANG Kaixiang, LIANG Zhennan, et al. An intelligent frequency decision method for a frequency agile radar based on deep reinforcement learning[J]. Journal of Radars, 2024, 13(1): 227–239. doi: 10.12000/JR23197
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An Intelligent Frequency Decision Method for a Frequency Agile Radar Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
DOI: 10.12000/JR23197
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Abstract
The aiming jamming emitted by self-defense jammers renders various passive anti-jamming measures based on signal processing ineffective, posing severe threats to modern radars. Frequency agility, as an active countermeasure, enables the resistance of aiming jamming. In response to issues such as the unstable anti-jamming performance of traditional random frequency hopping, limited freedom in frequency selection, and the long time required for strategic learning, the paper proposes a fast-adaptive frequency-hopping strategy for a frequency agile radar. First, a frequency agile waveform with repeatable frequency selection is designed, providing more choices for an optimal solution. Accordingly, using the data collected through continuous confrontation between a radar and a jammer, and the exploration and feedback mechanism of deep reinforcement learning, a frequency-selection strategy is continuously optimized. Specifically, considering radar frequency from the previous time and jamming frequency perceived at the current time as reinforcement learning inputs, the neural network intelligently selects each subpulse frequency at the current time and optimizes the strategy until it is optimal based on the anti-jamming effectiveness evaluated by the target detection result and Signal-to-Jamming-plus-Noise Ratio (SJNR). To improve the convergence speed of the optimal strategy, the designed input state is independent of the historical time step, the introduced greedy strategy balances the search-utilization mechanism, and the SJNR differentiates rewards more. Multiple sets of simulations show that the proposed method can converge to the optimal strategy and has high convergence efficiency. -
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References
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- Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the frequency agility waveform
- Figure 2. The random independence of MDP and the optimization objectives of reinforcement learning
- Figure 3. The network parameter update process of DQN
- Figure 4. The schematic diagram of fully connected neural network structure
- Figure 5. The intra-pulse interception-jamming strategy
- Figure 6. The pulse-to-pulse interception-jamming strategy
- Figure 7. The training results of sub-pulse frequency decision for the intra-pulse interception-jamming strategy
- Figure 8. The impact of the number of CPI used for training on the success rate of confrontation for the intra-pulse interception-jamming strategy
- Figure 9. The strategies and rewards for radar anti-jamming during four PRT periods
- Figure 10. The time-frequency map and the one-dimensional High-Resolution Range Profile (HRRP) for radar executing optimal strategy
- Figure 11. The training results of sub-pulse frequency decision for the pulse-to-pulse interception-jamming strategy
- Figure 12. The impact of the number of CPI used for training on the success rate of confrontation for the pulse-to-pulse interception-jamming strategy
- Figure 13. The strategies and rewards for radar anti-jamming during three interception-jamming periods