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Research on the Technology of Airborne Multi-channel Wide Angle Staring SAR Ground Moving Target Indication
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摘要: 机载广角凝视合成孔径雷达(WasSAR)是一种可对观测区域实施多角度长时间凝视成像探测的新兴SAR成像技术。将机载WasSAR成像与地面运动目标指示(GMTI)技术相结合，则可对重点区域内出现的地面运动目标实施持续成像跟踪监视，从而获取准确的动态感知信息。该文首先建立了机载多通道WasSAR动目标回波模型，分析了WasSAR动目标特性；然后，通过采用偏移相位校正和改进二维自适应校正方法，消除了载机姿态误差与通道非均衡的影响；在此基础上，提出了机载多通道WasSAR动目标检测跟踪算法，实现了复杂路况上行驶动目标的准确检测与跟踪；最后，提出了机载多通道WasSAR动目标行驶轨迹重构算法，实现了起伏路面下的动目标行驶轨迹精确重构。此外，该文中给出了作者团队利用自主研制机载多通道WasSAR-GMTI系统开展的外场飞行试验和实测数据处理结果，验证了地面运动目标持续跟踪监视的有效性和实用性，为后续开展更加深入的研究提供基础。Abstract: Airborne Wide angle staring Synthetic Aperture Radar (WasSAR) is a novel SAR imaging technique that enables multiangle and long-time staring imaging of an observation region. The combination of WasSAR and Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) facilitates the long-time tracking of moving targets in key areas, thereby obtaining dynamic sensing information. Herein, we initially constructed a moving target echo model for airborne multi-channel WasSAR, followed by an analysis of the characteristics of a moving target during WasSAR imaging. Further, group phase shift calibration and modified A2DC methods are proposed to mitigate the influence of platform attitude errors and channel imbalances. In accordance with this, an extended airborne multi-channel WasSAR ground moving target detection and tracking method is proposed, which achieves accurate detection and tracking of targets moving on complex roads. Finally, a trajectory reconstruction method for moving targets in airborne multi-channel WasSAR-GMTI is presented, demonstrating accurate trajectory reconstruction for targets on complex roads. Moreover, a flight experiment using our independently developed airborne multi-channel WasSAR-GMTI system, along with the associated real data processing results, is presented. These results confirm the validity and practicability of airborne WasSAR-GMTI for moving target dynamic surveillance and serve as a foundation for future research.
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图 5 当
${v_x} = 0.6\;{{\text{m}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\text{m}} {\text{s}}}} \right. } {\text{s}}}$ 时的运动目标成像Figure 5. The imaging results of moving target (
${v_x} = 0.6\;{{\text{m}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\text{m}} {\text{s}}}} \right. } {\text{s}}}$ )
图 6 当
${v_y} = 0.2\;{{\text{m}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\text{m}} {\text{s}}}} \right. } {\text{s}}}$ 时的运动目标成像Figure 6. The imaging results of moving target (
${v_y} = 0.2\;{{\text{m}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\text{m}} {\text{s}}}} \right. } {\text{s}}}$ )
图 7 当
${v_y} = 2\;{{\text{m}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\text{m}} {\text{s}}}} \right. } {\text{s}}}$ 时的运动目标成像Figure 7. The imaging results of moving target (
${v_y} = 2\;{{\text{m}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\text{m}} {\text{s}}}} \right. } {\text{s}}}$ )
图 13 通道误差校正后的RD域干涉相位结果
Figure 13. The results of interferometric phase after channel error calibration
图 14 通道误差校正后的图像域DPCA检测结果与ATI检测结果
Figure 14. The detection results of DPCA and ATI after channel error calibration
图 15 机载多通道WasSAR动目标检测与跟踪处理流程图
Figure 15. The processing flow of moving target detection and tracking in WasSAR
图 16 机载WasSAR子孔径回波、CSI及RELAX检测结果
Figure 16. The sub-aperture echo of airborne WasSAR, CSI and RELAX detection results
图 17 不同跟踪算法下的RD域多目标轨迹对比图
Figure 17. The comparison results of multiple target trajectory in RD domain by different tracking algorithms
图 21 合作车辆目标的多子孔径轨迹重构结果
Figure 21. The multi channel trajectory reconstruction of cooperative targets
图 23 起伏路面下的运动目标轨迹重构处理流程图
Figure 23. The processing flow of 3-D moving target trajectory reconstruction
图 24 起伏路面下运动目标的原始观测几何与等效观测几何
Figure 24. The real geometry and equivalence of 3-D moving target
图 26 观测场景中的拱桥与合作车辆
Figure 26. The pictures of arch bridge and cooperative pickup truck of observation scene
图 27 起伏路面动目标三维速度估计结果与三维位置重构结果
Figure 27. The three-dimensional velocity estimation and trajectory reconstruction of moving target in the three-dimensional field
表 1 机载WasSAR系统仿真参数
Table 1. The simulated parameters of airborne WasSAR system
参数 数值 参数 数值 飞行半径 ${r_{\text{a}}}$ 2000 m 工作频段 Ku波段 飞行高度H 2000 m 距离分辨率 ${\rho _{\text{r}}}$ 0.167 m 飞机速度 ${v_{\text{a}}}$ 180 km/h 脉冲重复频率 ${\text{PRF}}$ 3125 Hz 
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