基于涡旋电磁波的旋转多普勒探测及目标微动测量研究进展

李刘林; 周红平; 李睿; 郭忠义

doi:10.12000/JR26067

基于涡旋电磁波的旋转多普勒探测及目标微动测量研究进展

DOI: 10.12000/JR26067 CSTR: 32380.14.JR26067

合肥工业大学计算机与信息学院合肥 230009

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(61775050)

详细信息

作者简介:
李刘林，博士生，主要研究方向为涡旋雷达成像与目标探测、涡旋声束的产生与检测以及基于涡旋波束的目标探测技术等

周红平，副研究员，主要研究方向为涡旋雷达成像与目标探测、雷达干扰识别、复杂电磁环境下雷达目标识别、多目标追踪等

李　睿，硕士生，主要研究方向为涡旋雷达成像与涡旋雷达探测

郭忠义，教授，主要研究方向为涡旋雷达系统、智能传感系统、偏振智能信息处理、先进光通信技术、复杂电磁环境等

通讯作者:
周红平ciangela@hfut.edu.cn

郭忠义 guozhongyi@hfut.edu.cn

责任主编：罗迎 Corresponding Editor: LUO Ying

中图分类号: TN98
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-04-02
- 修回日期: 2026-09-15

Research Progress in Rotational Doppler Detection and Target Micromotion Measurement Using Vortex Electromagnetic Waves

School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61775050)

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHOU Hongping, ciangela@hfut.edu.cn; GUO Zhongyi, guozhongyi@hfut.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 传统雷达能够实现对运动目标的探测，但当目标速度矢量方向与电磁波传播方向垂直时，其角向运动信息难以有效获取，从而在旋转目标运动趋势感知方面存在一定的探测盲区。携带轨道角动量(OAM)的涡旋电磁波具有螺旋相位结构和环状辐射特性，在与旋转目标相互作用时会产生旋转多普勒效应，从而为获取目标的角向运动信息提供了新的技术途径。近年来，基于涡旋电磁波旋转多普勒效应的目标探测方法引起了国内外研究人员的广泛关注。本文系统综述了涡旋电磁波旋转多普勒探测技术的发展历程与研究进展，重点介绍了微波波段相关研究成果，包括基于相位与频谱特征的旋转多普勒探测方法，基于OAM模式特性的旋转多普勒探测方法以及基于涡旋电磁波的目标微动探测方法。最后，本文对现有研究中的主要问题进行了系统梳理，并对未来的发展方向及潜在应用前景进行了展望。
- 涡旋电磁波 /
- 旋转多普勒 /
- 轨道角动量 /
- 目标探测 /
- 目标微动测量
Abstract: Traditional radar can detect moving targets. However, when the target velocity vector is perpendicular to the electromagnetic-wave propagation direction, effectively obtaining the target’s angular motion information becomes difficult. This results in a detection blind zone for estimating the rotational motion trend of the target. Vortex electromagnetic waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) possess a helical phase structure and an annular radiation pattern. When interacting with rotating targets, these waves can induce a rotational Doppler effect, providing a new approach for acquiring angular motion information. Therefore, target detection methods based on the rotational Doppler effect of vortex electromagnetic waves have attracted extensive attention in recent years. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of rotational Doppler detection techniques using vortex electromagnetic waves, with a particular focus on studies in the microwave band. The reviewed studies include rotational Doppler detection methods based on phase and spectral features, methods based on OAM mode characteristics, and target micromotion detection methods based on vortex electromagnetic waves. Finally, this paper summarizes the major challenges in existing studies and provides an outlook on future research directions and potential applications.
- Vortex electromagnetic wave /
- Rotational Doppler effect /
- Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) /
- Target detection /
- Target micro-motion Measurement

HTML全文

图 1 涡旋电磁波强度和相位分布图

Figure 1. The intensity and phase distributions of vortex electromagnetic waves

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图 2 涡旋雷达目标探测原理示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of target detection using vortex radar

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图 3 基于相位与频谱特征的旋转多普勒探测方法

Figure 3. Rotational Doppler detection methods based on phase and spectral features

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图 4 基于OAM模式特性的旋转多普勒探测方法

Figure 4. Rotational Doppler detection methods based on OAM mode characteristics

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图 5 基于涡旋电磁波的目标微动探测方法

Figure 5. Target micro-motion detection methods based on vortex electromagnetic waves

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图 6 基于涡旋电磁波的目标微动探测方法

Figure 6. Target micro-motion detection methods based on vortex electromagnetic waves

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表 1 基于相位与频谱特征的旋转多普勒探测方法性能

Table 1. Performance of rotational Doppler detection methods based on phase and spectral features

文献	目标	检测距离(λ)	频率(GHz)	旋转速度	是否遮挡	检验误差(%)
文献[71]	金属圆盘	33	20	50$\text{π} $ rad/s	否	0.36
文献[72]	金属圆盘	33	2.47	－11～11($\text{π} $ rad/s)	否	3.00
文献[73]	理想散射点	6	1	0～20000(rad/s²)	否	/

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表 2 基于OAM模式特性的旋转多普勒探测方法的性能

Table 2. Performance of rotational Doppler detection methods based on OAM mode characteristics

文献	目标	检测距离(λ)	频率(GHz)	旋转速度	是否遮挡	检验误差(%)
文献[74]	理想散射点	100	3	10$\text{π} $ rad/s²～350$\text{π} $ rad/s²	否	0.9
文献[75]	理想散射点	30	9	100$\text{π} $ rad/s²	是	4.30

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表 3 基于涡旋电磁波的目标微动探测方法的性能

Table 3. Performance of target micro-motion detection methods based on vortex electromagnetic waves

文献	目标	OAM模式数	半径误差(%)	转速误差(%)	欧拉角误差(%)	参数个数
文献[76]	理想散射点	/	0.075	0	/	2
文献[77]	理想散射点	50	6.25	0	/	2
文献[78]	理想散射点	0和3	0.2	0	/	3
文献[79]	理想散射点	±4	1.33	0.40	0.08(倾角)	9
文献[80]	多散射点旋转目标(3点)	±30	2.06	2.17	/	4
文献[81]	锥形目标	/	8.52	1.47	/	9
文献[82]	理想散射点	10	0.25	0.56	(0.02, 0.05, /)	4
文献[83]	锥形目标	±10	1.48	0.2	(5.56, /, 6.01)	6
文献[84]	旋翼无人机	[－280, 280]	0.04	0. 1	(0.07, 0.06, 0.01)	12
文献[85]	飞鸟及旋翼无人机	±10	0.34	0	(0.7, 0.6, 0.4)	9
文献[86]	双散射点旋转目标	0和3	3.46	0	7.75(倾角)	5
文献[87]	锥形目标(3散射点)	/	1.00～2.00	/	(3.00, 1.97, 1.11)	8

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