基于复合调制的三通道SAR-GMTI多域压制干扰方法

徐振洋; 李亮; 李光远; 刘桂坤; 徐浩茗

doi:10.12000/JR26054

基于复合调制的三通道SAR-GMTI多域压制干扰方法

DOI: 10.12000/JR26054 CSTR: 32380.14.JR26054

徐振洋^{1, 2},
李亮^{1, 2},
李光远^1, ,,
刘桂坤¹,
徐浩茗^{1, 2}

1.
中国科学院空天信息创新研究院微波成像全国重点实验室北京 100190
2.
中国科学院大学;电子电气与通信工程学院北京 100049

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62501577)

详细信息

作者简介:
徐振洋，博士生，主要研究方向为SAR电子对抗和多通道SAR-GMTI系统干扰技术

李　亮，研究员，主要研究方向为SAR定标技术、新体制SAR对抗与干扰技术、低空目标探测及识别技术

李光远，助理研究员，主要研究方向为SAR信号处理及微波光子技术

刘桂坤，工程师，主要研究方向为SAR电子对抗和SAR定标技术

徐浩茗，硕士生，主要研究方向为SAR电子对抗和干扰效能评估技术

通讯作者:
李光远 ligy1990@163.com

责任主编：代大海 Corresponding Editor: DAI Dahai

中图分类号: TN95
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-03-04

A Three-Channel SAR-GMTI Multi-domain Barrage Jamming Method Based on Composite Modulation

XU Zhenyang^{1, 2},
LI Liang^{1, 2},
LI Guangyuan^{1
, ,},
LIU Guikun¹,
XU Haoming^{1, 2}

1.
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, Beijing 100049, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62501577)

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Guangyuan, ligy1990@163.com

摘要

摘要: 传统单干扰站合成孔径雷达(SAR)压制干扰在动目标指示(GMTI)体制下会产生压制盲区，增加目标暴露风险；同时，真实目标的运动会引起方位向能量展宽和位置偏移，进一步提高干扰机对压制范围与功率分配的需求。多干扰站信号级协同方法虽可缓解上述问题，但会增加硬件成本，且仅能针对固定的SAR方位向，增加了站点布防难度。为解决这些问题，该文提出一种基于四相位复合调制的压制干扰信号调控方法。该方法通过运动相位补偿相位生成具有运动目标散焦与偏移特征的虚假点目标，利用子区域定位相位和中心位置调控相位控制各压制子区域的位置，并借助多尺度噪声模板相位调节噪声点的二维尺度。4个相位协同作用，使单台干扰机能够快速生成具备运动目标散焦与偏移特征的多区域、噪声尺度可控的压制干扰，从而实现对周边多个运动目标的同步压制。所生成的压制干扰区域具有与真实运动目标相似的方位向散焦特性，确保噪声点散焦长度接近真实目标散焦长度；噪声干扰的方位向偏移相对于真实目标的位置偏移在误差允许范围内，使得方位向偏移后的压制区域能够有效覆盖运动目标在SAR图像上的成像位置。经多通道相位中心偏置天线-顺轨干涉测量(DPCA-ATI)后，真实运动目标随压制区域被矫正至同一方位向，从而实现对多个运动目标的有效防护。论文理论分析与仿真验证为三通道SAR-GMTI干扰技术提供了可量化的评估依据。
- 合成孔径雷达 /
- 地面动目标指示 /
- 压制干扰 /
- 相位中心偏置天线 /
- 顺轨干涉
Abstract: Traditional barrage jamming in single-jammer jamming of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) operating in ground moving target indication (GMTI) mode creates blind zones, increasing the risk of target exposure. Simultaneously, the motion of real targets causes azimuth energy broadening and position shifts, further increasing the requirements for jamming power and coverage. Although multi-jammer signal cooperation can alleviate these problems, it increases hardware costs and is limited to fixed SAR azimuth directions, complicating deployment. To address these issues, this paper proposes a barrage jamming signal control method based on four-phase composite modulation. This method generates false point targets with moving target defocusing and shifting characteristics through motion phase compensation. It controls the position of each barrage subregion using a subregion positioning phase and a central position control phase. Simultaneously, it adjusts the two-dimensional scale of noise points using a multi-scale noise template phase. The synergistic interaction of these four phases enables a single jammer to rapidly produce multi-region barrage jamming with controllable noise scale, moving-target-like defocus, and offset features, thereby achieving synchronous barrage jamming of multiple nearby moving targets. The generated barrage jamming region exhibits azimuth defocusing characteristics similar to those of a real moving target, ensuring that the defocus length of the noise points is highly similar to that of the real target. The azimuth offset of the barrage jamming is within the allowable error range relative to the position of the real target, ensuring that the barrage after azimuth offset effectively covers the imaging position of the moving target on the SAR image. After multi-channel displaced phase center antenna–along track interferometric processing, both the real moving target and the barrage interference region are corrected to the same azimuth position, thus effectively protecting multiple moving targets. Theoretical analysis and simulation validation provide a quantifiable evaluation standard for the three-channel SAR-GMTI jamming techniques.
- Synthetic aperture radar /
- Ground moving target indication /
- Barrage jamming /
- Displaced phase center antenna /
- Along-track interferometry.

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图 1 SAR-GMTI干扰的几何模型

Figure 1. The geometric model of SAR-GMTI jamming

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图 2 生成干扰信号的流程图

Figure 2. Flow chart of generation of the jamming signal

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图 3 真实运动目标成像效果图

Figure 3. Imaging effect of true moving targets

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图 4 单干扰机虚假运动目标调制成像效果图

Figure 4. Imaging effect of false moving targets modulated by one jammer

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图 5 无误差的虚假运动点目标

Figure 5. A false moving target without errors

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图 6 引入4种不同类型误差后的成像结果

Figure 6. Imaging results after introducing four different types of errors

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图 7 5个正在公路上运动的真实目标

Figure 7. Five real moving targets on the road

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图 8 调频率失配压制干扰动目标效果分析

Figure 8. Analysis of the jamming effect of CRMJ

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图 9 多尺度静止场景压制动目标效果分析

Figure 9. Analysis of the jamming effect of MSBJ

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图 10 径向运动相位加余弦调相压制动目标效果分析

Figure 10. Analysis of the jamming effect of RMCPJ

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图 11 复合相位调制干扰方法压制动目标效果分析

Figure 11. Analysis of the jamming effect of CPMJ

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图 12 6艘运动船舶示意图

Figure 12. Diagram of six moving ships

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图 13 星载条件下CPMJ成像效果

Figure 13. Imaging effect of CPMJ under spaceborne conditions

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图 14 固定单位JSR及确定位置下的安全速度区间

Figure 14. Safe speed range under fixed unit JSR and determined position

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表 1 仿真中X波段机载SAR参数

Table 1. X-band airborne SAR parameters in simulation

参数	数值
SAR 平台速度	154.20 m/s
合成孔径长度	1021.8 m
天线长度	0.69 m
相邻通道间隔	1.16 m
SAR 高度	6000.0 m
景中心斜距	25765.5 m
载频	9.59 GHz
脉冲持续时间	2.4 μs
调频率	200 MHz/μs
距离向采样频率	548.57 MHz
脉冲重复频率	533.33 Hz

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表 2 不同速度下真假点目标成像效果对比

Table 2. Comparison of imaging effects between real and false targets at different speeds

真实目标与虚假目标	初始位置 (m)	运动速度 (m/s)	成像沿方位向位置偏移 (m)	成像沿方位向能量展宽 (m)	DPCA理论对消比例	DPCA仿真对消比例
T1	(25965.5,–150.0)	(–2.1, 5.5)	359.7	71.1	2.00	2.00
T2	(25915.5, 180)	(2.7, 6.6)	−460.8	80.8	1.79	1.76
T3	(25665.5, –260.0)	(−3.8, 5.8)	626.1	72.8	0.55	0.62
T4	(25585.5, 130.0)	(2.8, 4.8)	–449.0	60.7	1.72	1.77
P1	(25965.5, –150.0)	(–2.1, 5.5)	346.0	71.7	1.52	1.53
P2	(25915.5, 180)	(2.7, 6.6)	−441.6	81.0	1.84	1.8
P3	(25665.5, –260.0)	(−3.8, 5.8)	622.0	75.1	2.00	1.99
P4	(25585.5, 130.0)	(2.8, 4.8)	–439.7	61.8	1.99	2.00

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表 3 不同类型参数误差的假目标成像效果对比

Table 3. Comparison of imaging effects of a false target with different parameter errors

假目标	$ {{\Delta }R}_{\text{re}} $理论值	$ {{\Delta }R}_{\text{ae}} $理论值	$ {\delta x}_{\text{e}} $理论值	$ {{\Delta }x}_{\text{e}} $理论值	距离向理论偏移量 (m)	距离向实际偏移量 (m)	距离偏移量误差比例	方位向理论偏移量 (m)	方位向实际偏移量 (m)	方位偏移量误差比例	方位向理论展宽量 (m)	方位向实际展宽量 (m)	方位向散焦误差比例
无误差	0	0	0	0	20.0	19.2	–4.0%	–240.0	–227.9	–5.0%	40.9	40.4	–1.2%
$ {\varepsilon }_{f}=20\% $	0	4.0	8.2	–52.0	20.0	18.8	–6.4%	–292.0	–273.3	–6.4%	49.1	48.5	–1.2%
$ {\varepsilon }_{K}=20\% $	3.3	0	0	0	23.3	22.5	–3.4%	–240.0	–228.2	–4.9%	40.9	40.5	–1.0%
$ {\varepsilon }_{v}=20\% $	0	4.0	8.2	0	20.0	19.0	–5.0%	–236.0	–232.8	–1.4%	49.1	48.3	–1.6%
$ {\varepsilon }_{R}=20\% $	0	–3.3	–6.8	43.3	20.0	19.5	–2.5%	–196.7	–192.9	–1.9%	34.1	34.4	–0.9%

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表 4 目标群的位置和速度参数

Table 4. Position and Velocity Parameters of Targets

目标	坐标(m)	速度(距离向，方位向 m/s)
Target 1	(25678.9,263.4)	(3.3, 5.1)
Target 2	(25723.5,124.5)	(–2.1, –6.5)
Target 3	(25771.5,0)	(2.1, 5.5)
Target 4	(25835.5,–74)	(2.4, 10.7)
Target 5	(25871.5,–168.2)	(-2.8, 4.3)

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表 5 4种干扰方法在JSR=0 dB和20 dB时的效果对比

Table 5. Comparison of Four Jamming Methods at JSR=0dB and 20dB

	JSR=0 dB		JSR=20 dB
	正确识别目标数量	重定位误差T1;T2;T3;T4;T5 (m)	正确识别目标数量	重定位误差T1;T2;T3;T4;T5 (m)
无干扰	5	6.5; –2.9; –0.1; –3.9; 7.0	5	6.5; –2.9; –0.1; –3.9; 7.0
CRMJ	5	5.6; –3.5; 0.1; –5.9; 6.1	5	2.5; 5.8; 12.3; 17.5; 5.3
MSBJ	5	8.2; –2.6; –0.1; –4.8; 6.7	5	8.5; –1.5; –4.7; 12.0; 3.8
RMCPJ	5	–215.3; –65.4; –0.1; 44.1; 92.6	0	–263.0; –124.5; 0; 74.0; 168.2
CPMJ	0	–263.0; –124.5; 0; 74.0; 168.2	0	–263.0; –124.5; 0; 74.0; 168.2

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表 6 X波段星载SAR参数

Table 6. X-band Spaceborne SAR Parameters

参数	数值
SAR 平台速度	7100.0 m/s
斜视角	0 deg
载频	9.6GHz
调频率	2.1 MHz/μs
景中心斜距	850 km
信号带宽	66.4 MHz
脉冲持续时间	31.6 μs
天线长度	4.0 m
波束宽度	0.395°
合成孔径长度	5883.6 m
相邻通道间隔	4.2 m

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表 7 船舶的位置和速度

Table 7. Position and velocity parameters of ships

目标	坐标(m)	速度(距离向，方位向 m/s)
Target 1	(849300,200)	(23.8, 35.8)
Target 2	(849500,800)	(22.6, 29.8)
Target 3	(849600,–300)	(–15.5, 12.8)
Target 4	(850200,700)	(–13.8, 23.5)
Target 5	(850700,200)	(21.8, 42.3)
Target 6	(850800,–750)	(22.5,52.6)

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