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Photonic-Aided Doppler-Robust ISAC System Based on Multi-Slope Division Multiplexing
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摘要: 针对当前光子辅助通感一体(ISAC)系统难以适用于低信噪比、高动态场景的问题，该文提出一种基于多斜率复用的多普勒鲁棒通感一体系统。通过复用多个不同调频斜率的LFM子载波，设计了多斜率复用频移键控线性调频(SDM-FSK-LFM)波形，并结合串行干扰消除技术，在获得高扩频增益的同时倍增通信速率。设计并验证了基于光频梳本振的光子辅助ISAC收发机，实现高频段ISAC信号的产生与光域去斜处理。实验成功产生了Ku频段、带宽1.536 GHz的十载波SDM-FSK-LFM信号。在目标探测方面，实现了分辨率0.05 m的测距，分辨率超过信号带宽限制；在通信方面，实现了95.86 Mbps的背靠背通信速率，7个子载波在0 dB信噪比下误码率(BER)低于10–4，5个子载波在200 kHz多普勒频移下BER低于10–5。本系统具有良好的抗噪能力和多普勒鲁棒性，为高动态场景下的多用户ISAC应用提供了可行解决方案。Abstract: Current photonic-assisted integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems face significant challenges under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and high-dynamic conditions, such as those in low Earth orbit satellite networks. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel photonic-assisted Doppler-robust ISAC system based on multislope division multiplexing. A slope division multiplexed frequency shift keying–linear frequency modulation (SDM–FSK–LFM) waveform is designed by multiplexing LFM subcarriers with distinct chirp rates. This design is combined with successive interference cancellation to achieve high spreading gain while substantially increasing the communication data rate. A photonic-assisted ISAC transceiver utilizing an optical frequency comb local oscillator is developed for high-frequency signal generation and optical-domain dechirping processing. Experimental results show successful generation of a 10-subcarrier SDM–FSK–LFM signal in the Ku-band with an instantaneous bandwidth of 1.536 GHz. In sensing, the system achieved a superresolution ranging accuracy of 0.05 m. In communication, a back-to-back data rate of 95.86 Mbps was realized, with seven subcarriers maintaining a bit error rate (BER) <10−4 at 0 dB SNR and five subcarriers sustaining a BER <10−5 under a Doppler shift of 200 kHz.
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图 1 SDM-FSK-LFM信号频谱折叠流程时频示意图
Figure 1. The schematic diagram of the time-frequency features of the analog SDM-FSK-LFM waveform, digital folded SDM-FSK-LFM waveform and analog folded SDM-FSK-LFM
图 2 基于串行干扰消除的通信解调方法示意图
Figure 2. The schematic diagram of the successive interference cancellation method for communication demodulation
图 3 光子辅助ISAC系统示意图
Figure 3. The schematic diagram of the proposed photonic-aided ISAC system
图 4 SDM-FSK-LFM信号去斜性能仿真
Figure 4. Simulation of the de-chirping performance of the SDM-FSK-LFM signal
图 5 SDM-FSK-LFM信号与单斜率LFM信号去斜性能对比
Figure 5. Comparison of the de-chirping performance between the SDM-FSK-LFM waveform and the single-slope LFM waveform
图 6 SDM-FSK-LFM信号通信BER仿真
Figure 6. Simulation results of the BER of the SDM-FSK-LFM signal
图 7 SDM-FSK-LFM信号与典型感知中心通感一体信号单载波BER仿真性能比较
Figure 7. Comparison of the single sub-carrier BER simulation performance between the SDM-FSK-LFM signals and the typical sensing-centric ISAC signals
图 8 SDM-FSK-LFM信号极限频谱效率随时宽带宽积变化曲线及与典型信号的对比
Figure 8. Comparison of maximum spectrum efficiency of the SDM-FSK-LFM signals and the typical signals
图 12 目标探测半实物实验示意图
Figure 12. The configuration of the semi-hardware experiment for target detection
表 1 仿真参数设置
Table 1. Simulation parameters configuration
参数 取值 脉宽(μs) 1 脉冲重复频率(MHz) 1 采样率(Gsa/s) 2.048 FSK阶数 1024 起始频率(MHz) 0，2，...，2046 
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