基于可重构智能表面的抗干扰OAM无线通信系统

杨德生; 李金星; 王禹翔; 杨国辉; 袁乐眙; 张狂

doi:10.12000/JR26015

基于可重构智能表面的抗干扰OAM无线通信系统

DOI: 10.12000/JR26015 CSTR: 32380.14.JR26015

杨德生¹,
李金星¹,
王禹翔¹,
杨国辉¹,
袁乐眙^{1, 2, ,},
张狂^{1, 2}

1.
哈尔滨工业大学哈尔滨 150001
2.
毫米波全国重点实验室南京 210096

基金项目: 本文研究成果受到国家自然科学基金项目(No. 62301193, 62171165, U23B2014)，中国博士后科学基金项目(No. 2022M710944)，黑龙江省博士后资助项目(LBH-Z22017)，中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(2023QNRC001)，毫米波全国重点实验室开放课题(K202505, K202423)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
杨德生，博士生，主要研究方向为基于RIS的OAM高纯度激发和无线通信等

李金星，副研究员，主要研究方向为双各向异性超表面，频率选择表面和天线等

王禹翔，副研究员，主要研究方向为可重构智能超构表面，天线及天线罩设计等

杨国辉，副教授，主要研究方向为电磁兼容分析与预测、微波测量与仪器等

袁乐眙，研究员，主要研究方向为电磁媒质与电磁表面、电磁场人工调控等

张　狂，教授，主要研究方向为超表面和RIS的无线通信等

通讯作者:
袁乐眙 yuanyueyi@hit.edu.cn

责任主编：冯一军 Corresponding Editor: FENG Yijun

中图分类号: TN973.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-09

A Jamming-Resistant OAM Wireless Communication System Based on Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface

1.
Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001
2.
State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves Nanjing 210096

Funds: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62301193, 62171165, U23B2014), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2022M710944), Postdoctoral fellowships in Heilongjiang Province (No. LBH-Z22017), Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (2023QNRC001), Open project of State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves(K202505, K202423)

More Information

Corresponding author: YUAN Yueyi, yuanyueyi@hit.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 针对复杂电磁环境下的通信干扰挑战，为克服传统固定孔径天线难以实时重构波束和动态适应干扰环境的局限性，该文构建了一种基于可重构智能表面(RIS)的抗干扰OAM模式移位键控(OMSK)通信系统。首先建立了系统信道模型，推导了误码率与OAM模态纯度的解析关系，揭示了模态纯度是制约系统抗干扰性能的核心瓶颈，为RIS硬件的高纯度设计提供了理论依据。其次，设计了一款工作于5.1 GHz的2-bit双极化RIS，仿真证实其激发的各模态纯度均优于88%，实测纯度达74%以上。最后，搭建完整的OMSK无线通信原型系统，通过对照实验证实了OAM波束与平面波及不同模式间的强正交隔离特性，并基于多组模式跳变编码序列开展抗干扰通信测试。结果表明，在10 mW极低发射功率下，接收端RIS使系统丢包率从80%以上降至15%以下，等效EVM改善约10 dB，距离测试进一步量化了受波束发散制约的有效通信边界。上述结果表明，基于RIS的OMSK系统能够在低功率条件下实现可靠的无线通信。
- 轨道角动量 /
- 无线通信 /
- 信道模型 /
- OAM纯度 /
- 可重构智能表面
Abstract: To address communication interference in complex electromagnetic environments and overcome the limitations of traditional fixed-aperture antennas in terms of real-time beam reconfiguration and dynamic adaptation to jamming, this paper proposes an anti-jamming orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode shift keying (OMSK) communication system based on reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS). First, a system channel model is established, and an analytical relationship between the bit error rate and OAM mode purity is derived. This analysis reveals that mode purity is the core bottleneck constraining the system’s anti-jamming performance, which provides a theoretical basis for the design of high-purity RIS hardware. Second, a 2-bit dual-polarized RIS operating at 5.1 GHz is designed. Simulations confirm that the purity of each excited mode exceeds 88%, whereas the measured purity exceeds 74%. Finally, a complete OMSK wireless communication prototype system is constructed. Comparative experiments verify the strong orthogonal isolation between OAM beams and plane waves as well as between different OAM modes. Anti-jamming communication tests are then conducted based on multiple mode-hopping coding sequences. The results show that at an extremely low transmission power of 10 mW, the receiver-side RIS reduces the system packet loss rate from over 80% to below 15%, with an equivalent error vector magnitude improvement of approximately 10 dB. Distance tests further quantify the effective communication boundary constrained by beam divergence. These results demonstrate that the RIS-based OMSK system can achieve reliable wireless communication under low-power conditions.
- Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) /
- Wireless communication /
- Channel model /
- OAM purity /
- Reconfigurable intelligent surface

HTML全文

图 1 OMSK无线通信系统的方案示意图(障碍物用于阻断收发天线间的直接通信路径)

Figure 1. The scheme figure of OMSK wireless communication system.(The obstacle is used to block the direct communication path between the transmitting and receiving antennas)

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图 2 基于OMSK无线通信系统的ABER与OAM纯度关系

Figure 2. The relationship between ABER and OAM purity based on OMSK wireless communication system

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图 3 单元结构图

Figure 3. Schematic of the unit cell

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图 4 单元在4种状态下的交叉极化反射结果。

Figure 4. Simulated cross-polarized reflection results of the unit cell under four states

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图 5 RIS超表面的系统框架^[30]

Figure 5. System framework of the proposed RIS metasurface^[30]

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图 7 实测极化转换率

Figure 7. Measured polarization conversion ratio

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图 6 RIS阵列的实测反射系数

Figure 6. Measured reflective coefficient of RIS array

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图 8 4种OAM模式对应的理论计算相位分布

Figure 8. Theoretically calculated phase distributions of the four OAM modes

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图 9 工作频段内不同阶数 OAM 激发场的归一化电场(传播距离：300 mm)

Figure 9. Normalized electric field of different-order OAM excitation fields for the operating band (propagation distance: 300 mm)

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图 10 5.0 GHz, 5.1 GHz和5.2 GHz下的仿真归一化远场方向图(E面)

Figure 10. Simulated normalized far-field radiation patterns at 5.0 GHz, 5.1 GHz, and 5.2 GHz (E-plane)

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图 11 中心频点处OAM的yoz面的电场分布

Figure 11. Electric field distribution of OAM in the YOZ plane at the center frequency

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图 12 仿真的OAM模式纯度

Figure 12. Simulated purity of OAM beam with mode

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图 13 实测的OAM波束的结果

Figure 13. Measured results of OAM beams

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图 14 OAM无线通信系统测试系统图

Figure 14. Schematic diagram of the OAM wireless communication test system

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图 15 涡旋波束通信测试结果

Figure 15. OAM wireless communication measurement results

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图 16 平面波发射、OAM波接收的通信测试效果

Figure 16. Measured communication performance under plane wave transmission and OAM wave reception

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图 17 不同模式OAM波束收发通信测试

Figure 17. Communication tests of OAM beam transmission and reception with different modes

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图 18 4个编码组的实测丢包率

Figure 18. Measured packet loss rate of four coding groups

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图 19 4个编码组的测试EVM

Figure 19. Measured EVM of four coding groups

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图 20 不同传输距离下丢包率的测试结果

Figure 20. Measurement results of packet loss rate at different transmission distances

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表 1 单元结构参数

Table 1. Structural parameters of the proposed unit cell

结构参数	数值	结构参数	数值
α₁	83°	lpin	4.5 mm
α₂	80°	sl₁	5 mm
α₃	75°	sl₂	9 mm
α₄	83°	Rs	6.3 mm
wc₁	4.1 mm	h1	4 mm
wc₂	4 mm	h2	2 mm
wc₃	2 mm
wc₄	1.8 mm
dpin	1 mm

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表 2 4种工作状态对应的PIN二极管通断情况

Table 2. PIN diode states for the four operating modes

PIN	State 0	State 1	State 2	State 3
PIN1	on	off	on	off
PIN2	off	on	off	off
PIN3	off	on	off	on
PIN4	on	off	off	off
相移值	0°	–90°	180°	90°
注：on和off分别表示对应的PIN二极管导通和关断的状态。

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表 3 核心实验参数设置

Table 3. Key experimental parameter settings

参数名称	设定数值 (Value)
空口中心频率 (RF Center Frequency)	5.1 GHz
基带中频频率 (Baseband IF)	2462 MHz (信道 11)
系统射频带宽 (RF Bandwidth)	40 MHz (HT40 模式)
发射端极限功率 (Transmission Power)	≤ 10 mW
典型测试距离 (Typical Testing Distance)	500 mm
极限测试距离 (Maximum Testing Distance)	1000 mm
发包速率 (Packet Rate)	5 frames/s
单帧有效载荷 (Payload Size)	4 Bytes

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