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Near-Field Scattering Characteristics of Metallic Plate Targets by Multi-Mode Vortex Electromagnetic Waves
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摘要: 携带相互正交的轨道角动量(OAM)的多模态涡旋电磁波由于其特殊的幅相特性在通信及雷达领域受到了广泛的关注研究。该文研究了金属目标在近场条件下的多模态涡旋波散射特性。首先，基于环形孔径辐射理论，构建多模态涡旋波入射场模型，利用物理光学法(PO)推导了理想导体圆板的近场散射场。其次定量分析了目标纵向距离、横向位移、几何特征及模态组合参数(起始模态、模态间隔、模态数量)对散射特性的调控规律，并计算了多模态近场涡旋雷达散射截面(NORCS)。研究结果表明相比平面波入射，多模态波束相干叠加后携带了更丰富的空间特征信息。目标对高阶模态能量的截获效率随传播距离增加显著下降；目标的横向位移会引发显著的模态谱串扰，但利用空间位置互补性，通过散射场的矢量叠加可实现目标原始散射特征的有效重构；目标几何形状在尺寸与主瓣相当时会对散射场产生精细调制，随着目标尺寸增大几何形状对散射场的调制作用逐渐减弱。理论计算与仿真结果吻合良好，主模态纯度偏差小于
0.0207 ，散射场幅度分布的均方根误差为0.054，验证了理论的准确性。该研究揭示了多模态涡旋波与目标的相互作用机理，可为未来多模态涡旋雷达系统的目标识别与成像设计提供理论支撑。Abstract: Multimode vortex electromagnetic waves, which carry mutually orthogonal orbital angular momentum (OAM), have attracted extensive research interest in communications and radar systems due to their unique amplitude and phase characteristics. This study investigates the near-field scattering characteristics of metallic plate targets under the incidence of multimode vortex electromagnetic waves. First, an incidence model for multimode vortex waves is constructed based on annular aperture radiation theory, and the near-field scattering field of a perfect electric conductor circular plate is derived using the physical optics method. Subsequently, the effects of target longitudinal distance, transverse displacement, geometric features, and mode combination parameters (initial mode, mode interval, and number of modes) on the scattering characteristics are quantitatively analyzed, and the multimode near-field OAM radar cross section is calculated. The research results demonstrate that compared to plane wave incidence, the coherent superposition of multimode beams provides richer spatial feature information. The target’s efficiency in intercepting high-order mode energy significantly decreases with increasing propagation distance. Although the transverse displacement of the target induces substantial mode spectrum crosstalk, the original scattering features can be effectively reconstructed through vector superposition of scattering fields at symmetrical positions by exploiting spatial complementarity. Furthermore, the geometric shape of the target produces fine modulation on the scattering field when its size is comparable to that of the main lobe, and this modulation effect gradually diminishes as the target size increases. The theoretical calculations closely align with the simulation results, showing a main mode purity deviation of less than0.0207 and a root mean square error of 0.054 in the scattering field amplitude distribution, thus verifying the accuracy of the theory. This study reveals the interaction mechanism between multimode vortex waves and targets, providing theoretical support for target recognition and imaging system design in future multimode vortex radar systems. -
图 1 多模态涡旋波辐射模型示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of multi-mode vortex electromagnetic waves radiation model
图 2 物理光学法与矩量法计算得到的理想导体圆板散射场对比验证
Figure 2. Validation of the scattered fields from a perfectly conducting circular plate calculated by the PO method and the MoM
图 3 不同纵向距离下多模态涡旋波入射场与散射场的幅相分布及模态纯度特性
Figure 3. Amplitude-phase distributions and mode purity characteristics of the incident and scattered fields for multi-mode vortex waves at different longitudinal distances.
图 4 不同横向位移下多模态涡旋波入射场与散射场的幅相分布及模态纯度
Figure 4. Amplitude-phase distributions and mode purity reconstruction characteristics of incident and scattered fields for multi-mode vortex waves under different lateral displacements.
图 5 目标几何特征对近场散射的影响
Figure 5. Comparison of target geometric features on near-field scattering characteristics.
图 6 不同模态组合散射场幅度分布图
Figure 6. Amplitude distribution of scattering fields from different mode combinations
图 7 不同模态组合散射场纯度谱
Figure 7. Purity spectrum of the scattered field from different mode combinations
表 1 多模态涡旋波辐射源参数设置
Table 1. Parameters of the multi-mode vortex wave radiation source
涡旋波模态 $ R_{\mathrm{in}} $(mm) $ R_{\text {out }} $(mm) 发散角(°) 1 11 64 10.00 3 104 126 9.82 5 169 186 9.78 
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