基于单模态涡旋电磁波的平动旋转复合运动目标参数估计

谭政宽; 刘康; 杨阳; 陈雨馨; 刘红彦

doi:10.12000/JR25266

基于单模态涡旋电磁波的平动旋转复合运动目标参数估计

DOI: 10.12000/JR25266 CSTR: 32380.14.JR25266

国防科技大学电子科学学院长沙 410073

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62401583, 62322122)

详细信息

作者简介:
谭政宽，博士生，主要研究方向为电磁涡旋雷达与阵列信号处理

刘　康，教授，主要研究方向为雷达超分辨成像、涡旋波雷达技术等

杨　阳，博士生，主要研究方向为雷达信号处理与雷达前视成像

陈雨馨，博士生，主要研究方向为雷达信号处理

刘红彦，教授，主要研究方向为电磁涡旋雷达成像技术等

通讯作者:
刘康 liukang1117@126.com

责任主编：罗迎 Corresponding Editor: LUO Ying

中图分类号: TN95
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-12-10

Parameter Estimation of a Moving Target with Combined Translational and Rotational Motion Based on Single Mode Vortex Electromagnetic Waves

College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62401583, 62322122)

More Information

Corresponding author: LIU Kang, liukang1117@126.com

摘要

摘要: 近年来，涡旋电磁波由于其独特的波前分布结构在运动目标探测方面具有重要价值，而准确估计径向多普勒和旋转多普勒频移是对运动目标平动、旋转运动参数进行高精度测量的关键。然而，现有基于涡旋电磁波的多普勒估计方法通常依赖于同时发射多个模态，在高速运动目标场景下需要额外先验信息处理多普勒模糊，并且径向-旋转多普勒分离精度有限。针对前述问题，该文提出了一种基于自适应分段稀疏表征(APWSR)瞬时频率估计的单模态涡旋电磁波径向–旋转多普勒分离方法。通过引入多普勒压缩技术，仅利用单模态回波即可实现径向与旋转多普勒分量的有效分离，并利用APWSR实现高精度瞬时频率估计。在此基础上，进一步提取了目标的平动速度、旋转半径、旋转频率及欧拉角等运动参数。仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性与稳健性，结果表明，所提方法在多普勒频率与运动参数估计精度方面均优于已有双模态方法。
- 涡旋电磁波 /
- 单模态 /
- 旋转多普勒 /
- 运动目标 /
- 参数估计
Abstract: Vortex electromagnetic waves have proven highly effective for moving-target detection due to their distinctive wavefront phase distribution. Accurate estimation of translational and rotational Doppler shifts is essential for high-precision measurement of motion parameters. Existing methods typically rely on transmitting multiple modes of vortex electromagnetic waves, and they often require additional prior information to resolve Doppler ambiguities for high-speed targets, and the separation accuracy of translational and rotational Doppler components is limited. To address these challenges, this work proposes a single-mode vortex electromagnetic wave–based Doppler separation method combined with adaptive piece-wise sparse representation (APWSR) for high-precision instantaneous frequency estimation. Using the Doppler compression technique, translational and rotational Doppler components can be effectively separated using only a single mode, while APWSR enables high-precision instantaneous frequency estimation. From these results, the translational velocity, rotation radius, rotational frequency, and Euler angles of the target are extracted. Simulations validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method, demonstrating that it outperforms existing dual-mode approaches in Doppler frequency and motion parameter estimation.
- Vortex electromagnetic wave /
- Single mode /
- Rotational Doppler /
- Moving target /
- Parameter estimation

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图 1 电磁涡旋雷达照射下平动旋转目标运动几何

Figure 1. Geometric of the target with translational-rotational motion illuminated by the electromagnetic vortex radar

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图 2 多普勒近似值与实际值拟合曲线

Figure 2. Fitting curves between approximation Doppler and actual Doppler

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图 3 回波数据矩阵处理过程示意图

Figure 3. Schematic of the processing procedure for the echo data matrix

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图 4 多普勒压缩前后的多普勒频率曲线图

Figure 4. Doppler frequency curves before and after Doppler compression

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图 5 APWSR算法求解结果

Figure 5. Estimation results of the APWSR algorithm

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图 6 单模态涡旋电磁波径向-旋转多普勒分离方法

Figure 6. Method of separation electromagnetic vortex wave radial-rotational Doppler with single mode

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图 7 模态1多普勒频率曲线估计结果

Figure 7. Estimation results of the Doppler frequency curve under OAM mode 1

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图 8 解压缩后径向多普勒曲线

Figure 8. Radial Doppler curves after decompressed

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图 9 STFT方法对应的总多普勒时频图

Figure 9. Time-frequency diagram of the total Doppler with the STFT method

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图 10 两种方法估计出的总体多普勒频率

Figure 10. Total Doppler frequency curves estimated by two methods

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图 11 径向多普勒、旋转多普勒频率曲线估计结果

Figure 11. Estimation results of radial Doppler and rotational Doppler frequency curves

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图 12 多普勒压缩前后时频分布图(2散射点)

Figure 12. Time-frequency diagram before and after Doppler compression (2 scatters)

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图 13 径向多普勒、旋转多普勒频率曲线估计结果(2散射点)

Figure 13. Estimation results of radial Doppler and rotational Doppler frequency curves (2 scatterers)

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表 1 现有方法和所提方法的特点

Table 1. The characteristics of the existing methods and the proposed method

来源	目标类型	径向-旋转多普勒频率估计方法	模态/接收通道需求	发射信号体制
文献[16]	旋转(无平动)	未明确	未明确	单频连续波
文献[17]	旋转(无平动)	提取时频分布图像脊线	双模态回波	单频连续波
文献[18]	旋转(无平动)	提取时频分布图像脊线	双模态、多通道回波	线性调频脉冲体制
文献[19]	旋转(无平动)	参数化解调方法	双模态回波	单频连续波
文献[20]	平动+旋转	未明确	未明确	单频连续波
文献[21]	旋转(无平动)	径向参数补偿+滤波	多通道回波	单频连续波
本文	高速平动+旋转	多普勒压缩+滤波	单模态、单通道回波	线性调频脉冲体制

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表 2 电磁涡旋雷达主要仿真参数

Table 2. Key parameters of EMV radar

参数	值
中心频率$ {f}_{c} $	35 GHz
带宽B	300 MHz
脉冲宽度$ {T}_{p} $	1 μs
脉冲重复频率$ {T}_{r} $	10 kHz
发射模态l	1

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表 3 本文所提方法和双模态STFT方法所得运动参数估计结果

Table 3. The estimation results of the proposed method and DUAL-OAM STFT method

	欧拉角	旋转中心	旋转半径	平动速度	旋转频率
真值	(10.0000°, 5.0000°)	(0.2000 m, 0.3000 m)	0.5000 m	(0, 0, 1007 m/s)	3.0000 Hz
本文所提方法	(9.7551°, 4.5412°)	(0.1778 m, 0.3198 m)	0.5192 m	(0, 0, 1007.0087 m/s)	2.9986 Hz
双模态STFT方法	(11.4207°, 4.0481°)	(0.1719 m, 0.2647 m)	0.4617 m	(0, 0, 1007.1070 m/s)	3.0016 Hz

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表 4 两散射点目标运动参数估计结果

Table 4. The estimation results of the target with two scatters

散射点		欧拉角	旋转中心	旋转半径	平动速度	旋转频率
1	真值	(10.0000°, 5.0000°)	(0.2000 m, 0.3000 m)	0.5000 m	(0, 0, 1007 m/s)	3.0000 Hz
1	所提方法估计值	(7.2537°, 7.0008°)	(0.2179 m, 0.3313 m)	0.5540 m	(0, 0, 1006.9648 m/s)	2.9986 Hz
2	真值	(10.0000°, 10.0000°)	(0.2000 m, 0.3000 m)	0.7000 m	(0, 0, 1007 m/s)	5.0000 Hz
2	所提方法估计值	(9.4331°, 12.1597°)	(0.1719 m, 0.2647 m)	0.6446 m	(0, 0, 1006.9642 m/s)	4.9869 Hz

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