多模态涡旋电磁波模态串扰消除与纯度优化方法

秦凡; 毕金阳; 刘世武; 程文驰; 范逸风

doi:10.12000/JR25226

多模态涡旋电磁波模态串扰消除与纯度优化方法

DOI: 10.12000/JR25226 CSTR: 32380.14.JR25226

秦凡^1, ,,
毕金阳¹,
刘世武¹,
程文驰¹,
范逸风^{2, 3}

1.
西安电子科技大学通信工程学院西安 710071
2.
乾元国家实验室杭州 310024
3.
南京电子设备研究所南京 210000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62341132)

详细信息

作者简介:
秦　凡，副教授，主要研究方向为涡旋电磁波产生与汇聚、面向复杂环境的应急通信特种天线及电磁波调控设计、面向B5G/6G的先进天线技术

毕金阳，博士生，主要研究方向为涡旋电磁波产生与汇聚

刘世武，硕士生，主要研究方向为涡旋电磁波生成与调控

程文驰，教授，主要研究方向为6G无线网络、基于电磁的无线通信以及应急无线通信

范逸风，研究员，主要研究方向为电磁场与微波技术、阵列天线技术

通讯作者:
秦凡 fqin@xidian.edu.cn

责任主编：刘康 Corresponding Editor: LIU Kang

中图分类号: TN95
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-11-05

Mode Interference Cancelation and Mode Purity Optimization for Multimode OAM Waves

QIN Fan^{1
, ,},
BI Jinyang¹,
LIU Shiwu¹,
CHENG Wenchi¹,
FAN Yifeng^{2, 3}

1.
the School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
2.
Qianyuan National Laboratory, Hangzhou 310024, China
3.
Nanjing Institute of Electronic Equipment, Nanjing 210000, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62341132)

More Information

Corresponding author: QIN Fan, fqin@xidian.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 携带轨道角动量(OAM)的涡旋电磁波在理论上能够提供无穷多组正交模态和差异性的螺旋波前相位梯度特性，可有效提升无线通信的频谱利用率和雷达的探测感知能力，在无线通信和雷达探测与成像领域均表现出重要的研究价值和应用潜力。然而，多模态涡旋电磁波产生过程中易出现模态间串扰及模态纯度不平衡等问题，严重影响其在通信与雷达探测系统中的性能表现。针对上述问题，该文从数学原理出发，提出了一种基于1比特相位调控的多模态涡旋电磁波生成与优化新方法，可有效实现多模态涡旋电磁波(l = ±1, ±2, …, ±n, n ∈ N⁺)的同时生成、模态间串扰抑制以及多模态纯度的一致性提升。为验证所提方法的有效性，该文通过数值仿真实现了16模态(l = ±1 & ±2 & ±3 & ±4 & ±5 & ±6 & ±7 & ±8)涡旋电磁波的复用生成与优化；进一步选取具有代表性的8模态涡旋波(l = ±1 & ±2 & ±3 & ±4)示例，完成了相应透射型超表面设计、仿真、加工与实验验证。仿真与实测结果均表明基于该方法能够稳定产生目标多模态涡旋电磁波，其中模态干扰被有效抑制，各涡旋模态的模态纯度实现一致性优化。该研究为解决多模态涡旋电磁波的串扰与纯度控制难题提供了一条低相位调控复杂度、高灵活性且具有普适性的技术路径，为高容量涡旋通信与高分辨率雷达探测系统提供了创新性的实现方案。
- 轨道角动量 /
- 多模态涡旋电磁波 /
- 模态串扰消除 /
- 模态纯度优化 /
- 透射型超表面
Abstract: Vortex waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) theoretically support an infinite set of orthogonal modes and exhibit distinctive helical phase-front gradients, thus enhancing spectral efficiency and sensing capability in wireless communication and radar sensing applications. However, the practical implementation of multimode OAM generation is constrained by mode interference and imbalances in mode purity, severely degrading system performance. To address these challenges, this paper conducts a rigorous mathematical analysis and develops a novel method for generating multimode OAM waves with an optimized mode purity. Requiring only 1-bit quantized phase manipulation, the proposed approach enables the simultaneous generation of multimode OAM waves (l = ±1, ±2, ···, ±n, n ∈ N⁺), effectively suppresses mode interference, and achieves synchronous improvement in mode purity. To verify the proposed method, numerical simulations were performed to generate and optimize multimode vortex waves with 16 OAM modes (l = ±1, ±2, ±3, ±4, ±5, ±6, ±7, ±8). A representative eight-mode OAM multiplexing case was then selected, and a transmission metasurface antenna capable of simultaneously multiplexing eight OAM modes (l = ±1, ±2, ±3, ±4) was designed, fabricated, and experimentally characterized. Both simulated and measured results demonstrate the effective suppression of mode interference and consistent mode purity across all generated OAM modes. As such, this work presents a flexible and general solution for multimode OAM generation and optimization, featuring low-complexity phase control. It also provides a practical implementation path for high-capacity communication and high-resolution radar systems.
- Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) /
- Multimode vortex waves /
- Mode interference cancelation /
- Mode purity optimization /
- Transmission metasurface

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图 1 多模态涡旋电磁波生成阵列天线示意图

Figure 1. Schematic of a multimode vortex wave generating array antenna

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图 2 式(6)函数表达式与阵列天线相位分布对应关系

Figure 2. Correspondence between the equation (6) and the phase distribution of the array antenna

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图 3 利用式(6)产生l = ±1 & ±2的多模态涡旋电磁波仿真结果

Figure 3. Simulation results of multimode vortex waves with l = ±1 & ±2 modes generated by equation (6)

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图 4 模态串扰消除后l = ±1 & ±2模态的多模态涡旋电磁波仿真结果

Figure 4. Simulation results of the multimode vortex wave generation with l = ±1 & ±2 OAM modes after mode interference cancelation

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图 5 模态纯度优化后l = ±1 & ±2模态的多模态涡旋电磁波仿真结果

Figure 5. Simulation results of the multimode vortex wave generation with l = ±1 & ±2 OAM modes after mode purity optimization

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图 6 l = ±1 & ±2模态的涡旋电磁波模态纯度与权重系数对应关系

Figure 6. Relationship between the mode purity and weighting coefficients for l = ±1 & ±2 modes

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图 7 多模态(l = ±1 & ±2 & ±3 & ±4)涡旋电磁波生成模态纯度、接收面相位分布和电场强度仿真结果

Figure 7. Simulation results of mode purity, phase distribution, and electric field intensity for multimode vortex wave generation with l = ±1 & ±2 & ±3 & ±4 OAM modes

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图 8 采用本文方法获得的其他多模态组合的模态纯度、接收面相位分布和电场强度仿真结果

Figure 8. Simulation results of mode purity, phase distribution, and electric field intensity for other multimode vortex wave combinations using the proposed method

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图 9 多模态涡旋电磁波透射型超表面天线结构示意图

Figure 9. Schematic of the transmission metasurface antenna for multimode vortex wave generation

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图 10 超表面单元结构图(具体参数：P = 12.5 mm, g1 = P/8, L = 9.25 mm, R1 = L/2, R2 = R1 + 1.025 mm, w1 = 1 mm)

Figure 10. Geometry of the proposed metasurface unit cell: (Parameters: P = 12.5 mm, g1 = P/8, L = 9.25 mm, R1 = L/2, R2 = R1 + 1.025 mm, w1 = 1 mm)

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图 11 超表面单元透射幅度与相位随参数w的变化曲线

Figure 11. Transmission magnitude and phase of the metasurface unit cell versus parameter w

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图 12 最终超表面相位补偿

Figure 12. Final phase compensation of the transmission metasurface

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图 13 多模态(l = ±1 & ±2 & ±3 & ±4)涡旋电磁波生成接收面电场强度、相位与模态纯度电磁仿真结果

Figure 13. Simulated results of electric field intensity, phase distribution, and mode purity for the multimode (l = ±1 & ±2 & ±3 & ±4) vortex wave generation

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图 14 超表面天线加工实物

Figure 14. Fabricated metasurface antenna prototype

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图 15 多模态(l = ±1 & ±2 & ±3 & ±4)涡旋电磁波生成实测结果

Figure 15. Measured results of the multimode (l = ±1 & ±2 & ±3 & ±4) vortex wave generation

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表 1 多模态(±1 & ±2)涡旋电磁波数值仿真各优化步骤模态纯度性能演进结果

Table 1. Mode purity performance for multimode (±1 & ±2) vortex wave generation across various optimization steps

模态数	初始1比特相位多模态涡旋波生成模态纯度(%)	模态串扰消除后模态纯度(%)	模态纯度优化后模态纯度(%)
–5	0.3	0	0.1
–4	0	0.4	0.7
–3	0.9	0.8	0.4
–2	2.7	34.0	24.4
–1	39.1	14.8	24.4
0	14.1	0	0
1	39.1	14.8	24.4
2	2.7	34.0	24.4
3	0.9	0.8	0.4
4	0	0.4	0.7
5	0.3	0	0.1

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表 2 多模态(±1 & ±2 & ±3 & ±4)涡旋电磁波数值仿真各优化步骤模态纯度性能演进结果

Table 2. Mode purity performance for multimode (±1 & ±2 & ±3 & ±4) vortex wave generation across various optimization steps

模态数	初始1比特相位多模态涡旋波生成模态纯度(%)	模态串扰消除后模态纯度(%)	模态纯度优化后模态纯度(%)
–5	0	0	0.5
–4	2.1	0.7	12.4
–3	1.0	8.8	12.5
–2	1.0	40.2	12.2
–1	18.2	0.3	12.4
0	55.4	0	0
1	18.2	0.3	12.4
2	1.0	40.2	12.2
3	1.0	8.8	12.5
4	2.1	0.7	12.4
5	0	0	0.5

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表 3 多模态(±1 & ±2 & ±3 & ±4)涡旋电磁波电磁仿真各优化步骤模态纯度性能演进结果

Table 3. Mode purity performance for the multimode (l = ±1 & ±2 & ±3 & ±4) vortex wave generation across various optimization steps

模态数	初始1比特相位多模态涡旋波生成模态纯度(%)	模态串扰消除后模态纯度(%)	模态纯度优化后模态纯度(%)
–5	0.3	0.2	0.4
–4	4.2	1.3	12.6
–3	3.7	13.7	12.1
–2	1.7	33.9	13.0
–1	21.8	1.5	12.3
0	44.9	0.6	0.5
1	17.0	0.7	12.1
2	0.8	32.8	12.8
3	1.9	13.4	12.4
4	3.3	1.5	11.6
5	0.4	0.4	0.1

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表 4 多模态(±1 & ±2 & ±3 & ±4)涡旋波串扰消除与纯度优化后最终模态纯度电磁仿真与实测结果对比

Table 4. Final simulated and measured mode purity results for multimode (l = ±1 & ±2 & ±3 & ±4) vortex wave generation after mode interference cancelation and mode purity optimization

模态数	仿真模态纯度(%)	实测模态纯度(%)
–5	0.4	0.3
–4	12.6	12.2
–3	12.1	11.8
–2	13.0	13.5
–1	12.3	12.1
0	0.5	1.2
1	12.1	11.9
2	12.8	13.4
3	12.4	12.3
4	11.6	11.0
5	0.1	0.1

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表 5 与相关文献对比分析

Table 5. Comparative analysis with the related literature

文献	调控原理	馈源数	复用模态数	模态间串扰	模态纯度优化能力
[17]	连续相位	1	2	未分析	未涉及
[18]	连续相位	2	2	未分析	未涉及
[19]	连续相位	2	2	较严重	未涉及
[20]	连续相位	1	2	较严重	未涉及
[21]	连续相位	1	2	未分析	未涉及
[22]	连续相位	1	3	未分析	未涉及
[23]	幅度-连续相位联合调控	1	3	有效抑制	有
本文	1比特相位	1	16(仿真) / 8(实测)	有效抑制	有

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