基于ICESat-2高程数据的南极数字高程模型精度评估

王杰; 张智宇; 姜洋; 赵朴凡; 吴松华

doi:10.12000/JR25068

基于ICESat-2高程数据的南极数字高程模型精度评估

DOI: 10.12000/JR25068 CSTR: 32380.14.JR25068

王杰¹,
张智宇^1, ,,
姜洋²,
赵朴凡³,
吴松华^{1, 4}

1.
中国海洋大学信息科学与工程学部海洋技术学院青岛 266100
2.
中国空间技术研究院北京 100094
3.
卫星导航定位技术研究中心武汉大学武汉 430072
4.
崂山实验室青岛 266237

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(42206181, U2106210)，山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022QD125)，中国博士后基金(2021TQ0313)

详细信息

作者简介:
王　杰，硕士，主要研究方向为星载激光雷达几何定位

张智宇，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为激光遥感与光电检测

姜　洋，硕士，高级工程师，主要研究方向为卫星总体设计

赵朴凡，博士，主要研究方向为星载激光测高仪误差理论、标定方法、数据处理以及测绘应用

吴松华，博士，教授，主要研究方向为大气海洋激光探测技术与应用

通讯作者:
张智宇 zhangzhiyu@ouc.edu.cn

责任主编：吴诚 Corresponding Editor: WU Cheng
中图分类号: TN29; TN958.98
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-04-11
- 修回日期: 2025-05-21
- 网络出版日期: 2025-05-29

Accuracy Assessment of the Antarctic Digital Elevation Model Based on the ICESat-2 Elevation Data

WANG Jie¹,
ZHANG Zhiyu^{1
, ,},
JIANG Yang²,
ZHAO Pufan³,
WU Songhua^{1, 4}

1.
College of Marine Technology, Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
2.
China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
3.
Satellite Navigation and Positioning Technology Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
4.
Laoshan National Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (42206181, U2106210), Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2022QD125), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021TQ0313)

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHANG Zhiyu, zhangzhiyu@ouc.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 南极数字高程模型(DEM)能够为南极科考活动提供关键地形数据的支撑，还可用于融水池体积估算等研究。但南极自然环境恶劣，传统地面定标方法实施困难，星载激光雷达能够直接获取高精度的地表高程数据，可以有效解决这一问题。ICESat-2作为新一代激光测高卫星，其激光足印间隔仅为0.7 m，其南极冰盖的高程数据产品精度可达厘米级。并且该南极冰盖的高程数据产品与南极洲参考高程模型REMA DEM生成的源数据具有较好的时间匹配度。该文首先利用2015年IceBridge计划的IDHDT4数据产品验证了ICESat-2陆冰高数据ATL06的高程精度。在此基础上，利用验证后的ATL06数据系统评估了REMA DEM 32 m分辨率产品的高程精度。研究表明REMA DEM在坡度小于5°的平坦地形上精度可达亚米级，接近激光测高精度，在坡度达到30°时高程误差的RMSE不超过3.5 m。此外，论文进一步分析了地面光斑轨迹方向与DEM坡向间的夹角和季节对REMA DEM高程精度评估的影响。该文精度验证的结果能够为后续利用该数据产品在平坦地区进行冰面湖水深反演等工作提供理论依据。
- 星载光子计数激光雷达 /
- 数字高程模型 /
- 高程精度评估 /
- 激光测高 /
- 南极DEM
Abstract: Antarctic Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) provide critical topographic support for polar scientific expeditions and enable the estimation of melt pond volumes. However, conventional ground calibration methods face implementation challenges in extreme Antarctic environments. Spaceborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) effectively addresses this limitation by directly acquiring high-precision surface elevation data. ICESat-2, a next-generation laser altimetry satellite, features an exceptionally small laser footprint spacing of merely 0.7 m. The elevation data products of ICESat-2 over the Antarctic ice sheet achieve centimeter-level accuracy using the Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA) source data. This study first validated the elevation accuracy of the ICESat-2 ATL06 (Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System Land Ice Height) data products using the IDHDT4 (IceBridge HiCARS Depth Digitizer Time Series, Version 4) data from the 2015 Operation IceBridge campaign of NASA in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region and mitigated disturbances from cloud cover, snowfall, and other factors through a quality control algorithm. Building upon this validation, this study systematically assessed the elevation accuracy of the 32 m resolution REMA DEM across selected low-ablation regions of the Antarctic ice sheet, delineated according to Antarctic drainage basin boundaries, using the ATL06 data as a reference. Results showed that REMA DEM achieves submeter accuracy (comparable to laser altimetry precision) in flat terrains with slopes below 5°, with a Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) of 0.72 m and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.31 m. For moderate slopes of 5°–10°, the RMSE and MAE increased to 1.91 and 1.06 m, respectively; meanwhile, slopes of 10°–15° yielded values of 2.30 m (RMSE) and 1.57 m (MAE). Even at steeper slopes of 30°, the elevation error remained controlled, with the RMSE not exceeding 3.5 m. This study further quantified the impact of ground track orientation relative to slope aspect and seasonal variations. Track-aspect angles perpendicular to slopes intensify errors (e.g., RMSE increases by 170% at a slope of 15°), whereas seasonal differences in elevation errors remain minimal (i.e., <5%). The validation framework demonstrates the robustness of REMA DEM across diverse Antarctic terrains, providing a theoretical foundation for different applications, such as lake ice surface bathymetry inversion
- Space-borne photon-counting LiDAR /
- Digital Elevation Model (DEM) /
- Elevation accuracy assessment /
- Laser altimetry /
- Antarctica DEM

HTML全文

图 1 南极流域划分图^[17]

Figure 1. Map of the Antarctic drainage divisions^[17]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 ATL06数据质量控制流程图

Figure 2. Flow chart of the ATL06 quality control procedure

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图 3 ATL06数据质量控制前后残差分布对比

Figure 3. Distribution of residual error of ATL06 data product before and after quality control

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图 4 REMA DEM在海冰区域存在的高程错误示意图

Figure 4. Anomalies of REMA DEM in sea ice area

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图 5 不同数据源沿轨方向坡度一致性分析

Figure 5. Multi-source along-track slope consistency analysis

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图 6 ICESat-2在区域10地面光斑轨迹及REMA DEM精度验证结果

Figure 6. ICESat-2 ground tracks in area 10 and REMA DEM accuracy validation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 ATL06过区域17轨迹及区域17REMA DEM误差统计

Figure 7. ICESat-2 ground tracks in area 17 and REMA DEM accuracy validation

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图 8 REMA DEM的坡向与ICESat-2地面光斑轨迹方向夹角与高程误差关系

Figure 8. Elevation error vs. the angles between the DEM slope direction and ICESat-2 ground track orientation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 ATL06数据质量控制前后对比

Table 1. Comparative analysis of the residual error after quality control

沿轨坡度(°)	RMSE (m)		MAE (m)		激光测高理论不确定度(1σ) (m)
沿轨坡度(°)	原始数据	质量控制后	原始数据	质量控制后	激光测高理论不确定度(1σ) (m)
0～5	0.94	0.63	0.72	0.43	0.45 @5°
5～10	1.23	0.79	0.87	0.51	0.88 @10°
10～15	1.68	1.14	1.16	0.74	1.33 @15°
15～20	1.95	1.46	1.51	0.99	1.80 @20°
20～25	2.53	1.58	1.84	1.17	2.30 @25°
25～30	2.94	1.84	1.97	1.30	2.85 @30°
>30	4.24	3.81	3.21	2.28	4.13 @35°

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表 2 不同年份ATL06数据实际误差与理论误差对比统计

Table 2. Comparative statistics between actual errors and theoretical errors of ATL06 data across different years

沿轨坡度(°)	RMSE (m)			激光测高理论不确定度(1σ) (m)
沿轨坡度(°)	2019年	2020年	2021年	激光测高理论不确定度(1σ) (m)
0～5	0.63	0.68	0.57	0.45 @5°
5～10	0.79	0.82	0.69	0.88 @10°
10～15	1.14	1.23	1.14	1.33 @15°
15～20	1.46	1.37	1.35	1.80 @20°
20～25	1.58	1.66	1.57	2.30 @25°
25～30	1.84	1.97	1.81	2.85 @30°
>30	3.81	4.13	3.82	4.13 @35°

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 区域17与区域10误差统计

Table 3. Error analysis of REMA DEM in area 17 and area 10

沿轨坡度(°)	RMSE (m)		MAE (m)		90分位点(m)		ATL06残差 RMSE (m)
沿轨坡度(°)	区域17	区域10	区域17	区域10	区域17	区域10	ATL06残差 RMSE (m)
0～5	0.72	0.14	0.31	0.09	0.64	0.20	0.63
5～10	1.91	1.67	1.06	1.02	2.45	2.73	0.79
10～15	2.39	2.23	1.58	1.35	3.31	3.51	1.14
15～20	2.78	2.58	1.82	1.73	4.00	4.21	1.46
20～25	3.14	2.90	2.11	2.02	4.54	4.46	1.58
25～30	3.33	3.27	2.30	2.23	4.92	4.99	1.84
>30	4.37	4.26	3.03	2.95	6.69	6.55	3.81

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表 4 REMA DEM在区域17夏季和冬季精度检验结果

Table 4. Elevation accuracy assessment of Area 17 in summer and winter

季节	沿轨坡度(°)	RMSE (m)	MAE (m)	90分位点(m)	数据点
夏季	0～5	0.80	0.31	0.65	3 470 743
	5～10	1.23	1.08	2.51	1 665 340
	10～15	2.47	1.52	3.37	656 800
	15～20	2.92	1.91	4.09	340 750
	20～25	3.24	2.22	4.63	210 970
	25～30	3.49	2.44	4.95	14 099
	>30	4.67	3.25	7.07	13 490
冬季	0～5	0.79	0.30	0.64	3 929 370
	5～10	1.15	1.06	2.45	1 954 520
	10～15	2.43	1.47	3.31	787 090
	15～20	2.81	1.83	4.00	427 110
	20～25	3.17	2.12	4.54	274 790
	25～30	3.40	2.32	4.94	18 646
	>30	4.48	3.05	6.71	18 845

下载: 导出CSV

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