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Data Acquisition for Detecting Low-observable Targets at Sea by Using the Holographic Staring Radar
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摘要: 海杂波背景下目标检测在很多方面均发挥着至关重要的作用，但复杂海洋环境中海杂波存在类目标尖峰与宽谱特性，导致海用雷达面临检测低慢小目标虚警率增高的严峻挑战。该文利用S波段高多普勒和高距离分辨体制(“双高”体制)全息凝视雷达开展对海探测试验，获取海面、海空低慢小目标与海杂波数据，并附有目标位置与轨迹真值以及风、浪相关数据，构建S波段全息凝视雷达海上低可观测目标数据集，并分析其时域特性、频域特性与时间-多普勒特性，分析结果为数据使用提供参考。后续将持续开展试验，拓展海洋试验环境(如海况、区域)及目标类型，以提升数据的多样性，为支撑海上低可观测目标新体制雷达系统能力提升与海上目标检测识别性能提升提供开放数据集。Abstract: Detecting targets despite sea clutter is crucial in military and civilian applications. In complex marine environments, sea clutter exhibits target-like spikes and inherently broad-spectrum characteristics, posing a significant challenge for marine radars in detecting Low-Slow-Small (LSS) targets and leading to high false alarm rates. In this study, an S-band holographic staring radar with high-Doppler and high-range-resolution capabilities (i.e., “dual-high” capability) was utilized in sea detection experiments. We obtained sea clutter data, LSS target data (over the sea surface and in the air), ground truth data on target positions and trajectories, as well as wind and wave data. Using these data, we constructed an S-band holographic staring radar dataset for low-observable targets at sea. The time-domain, frequency-domain, and time-Doppler characteristics of the dataset were analyzed, and the results served as a reference for data utilization. Future work will involve continuing experiments to expand the maritime experimental environment (e.g., sea state and region) and target types toward enhancing data diversity. This open dataset will support the enhancement of new radar systems for detecting low-observable targets at sea and improving maritime target detection and recognition performance.
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Key words:
- Holographic staring radar /
- Sea detection /
- Target detection /
- Sea clutter /
- Dataset
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图 9 光电跟踪器记录摩托艇试验
Figure 9. Electro-optical tracker recording of the motorboat experiments
图 13 试验海域气象水文数据(NC数据)
Figure 13. Meteorological and hydrographic data of the experimental sea area (NC data)
表 1 S波段全息凝视雷达参数
Table 1. Parameters of S-band holographic staring radar
参数 参数指标 体制 脉冲多普勒全数字全相参凝视雷达 波束扫描方式 方位俯仰全数字 工作频段 S 工作频率 2.8～3.2 GHz 典型波形 LFM, 0.25～8.00 μs 带宽 100 MHz 探测距离 ≥3 km 覆盖范围 60°×15° (方位角×俯仰角) 距离分辨率 1.5 m 多普勒分辨率 最小可达0.044 m/s 测速范围 0.5～60.0 m/s 测量精度
SNR≥20 dB测距≤1.5 m (R.M.S)
速度误差≤1.5 m/s (R.M.S)
方位≤2° (R.M.S)
俯仰≤1.5° (R.M.S)同时探测的目标数量 ≥200 批 
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表 2 试验站点详细信息
Table 2. Pilot site details
平台信息 详细内容 几何信息 试验场地距离海边直线距离约800 m；
海拔范围为30 m；
雷达对外海视野范围约150°；
明显地海杂波数据的擦地角范围为0.6°～2.1°。典型目标支撑 中大型商船；
大量木制小型渔船和金属蒙皮中大型渔船；
小型游艇、摩托艇、小型帆船；
可下水小型无人船；
浮标；
可放飞多型固定翼与旋翼无人机。应用场景支撑 面向海杂波特性研究场景；
面向海陆复合杂波特性研究场景；
舰载雷达防空预警场景；
海面和航道监视场景；
岛屿岛礁防护场景；
海面搜救场景。
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表 3 雷达回波数据列表
Table 3. Radar echo data list
目标类型 运动速度 数据组数 序号 采集时间 目标真值 海况等级 海空低可观测目标 3 m/s 1 01 2024-09-14-17-34-22-553(往)
2024-09-14-17-36-42-918(返)有 2级 6 m/s 1 02 2024-09-14-17-39-08-101 有 2级 9 m/s 1 03 2024-09-14-17-41-33-637 有 2级 12 m/s 1 04 2024-09-14-17-51-25-745 有 2级 15 m/s 3 05 2024-09-14-17-53-56-224 有 3级 06 2024-08-08-17-32-03-396 有 3级 07 2024-08-09-14-58-50-445 有 2级 海面低可观测目标 / 2 01 2024-09-12-16-38-46-177 无 3级 02 2024-09-13-15-45-10-070 无 3级
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表 4 不同目标示例数据
Table 4. Sample data for multiple targets
名称 数据 脉冲积累 浪高(m) 浪向(°) 风速(m/s) 海况 真值 无人机 2024-09-14-17-34-22(往)
2024-09-14-17-534096 0.33 156.02 1.12 二级 有 摩托艇 2024-09-12-16-38 4096 0.27 157.93 0.99 二级 无 海杂波 2024-09-12-16-38 4096 0.27 157.93 0.99 二级 有
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