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Partially Connected Hybrid Precoder Design for Wideband Near-field Integrated Sensing and Communications
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摘要: 大规模阵列与高频宽带信号支持的通感一体化(ISAC)技术在提升频谱效率的同时增强环境感知能力。在此背景下，窄带-远场的ISAC模型将出现不可避免的系统偏差，ISAC建模需要同时考虑宽带和近场效应。该文针对宽带-近场条件下基于部分连接混合预编码的ISAC系统进行优化设计和性能评估，考虑集中式多输入多输出(MIMO)的单基地模式和双基地模式两种感知情形。对于单基地模式，重新推导波达方向(DOA)和距离联合估计的克拉美罗下界(CRLB)，并以此为感知性能优化标准；对于双基地模式，在保证每一个用户通信质量(QoS)的前提下，最大化聚焦在感知目标上的发射功率。为了解决上述高维度非凸优化问题，该文提出直接交替最小化(AM)和间接全数字逼近两种算法，将该问题分解为若干独立的子问题，每个子问题可被凸松弛和有效解决。数值仿真实验结果表明，经过合理设置预设通信信噪比(SNR)阈值和发射天线分组，所设计的宽带-近场ISAC系统可以同时取得与基于全数字预编码的ISAC系统接近的感知性能和通信性能。Abstract: Aiming to enhance sensing resolution and improve spectral efficiency, future Integrated Sensing And Communications (ISAC) systems are expected to incorporate extremely large-scale (XL) arrays and large bandwidths centered around high carrier frequencies. This design necessitates considering wideband and near-field effects. In this paper, the design of partially connected hybrid precoders for ISAC is refined and evaluated, focusing on the wideband near-field scenario and addressing monostatic and bistatic co-located Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO). For monostatic MIMO, the Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) for joint Direction-of-Arrival (DoA) and distance estimations of sensing wideband sources is rederived, serving as a performance metric for sensing. For bistatic MIMO, power irradiated at near-field targets is maximized while ensuring that the communication Quality of Service (QoS) for each user is maintained. To address the above nonconvex, high-dimensional problems, a direct alternative minimization, along with an indirect fully digital approximation, is proposed. This method decomposes the original problems into distinct subproblems, enabling effective solutions for each subproblem. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed wideband near-field ISAC framework can achieve sensing and communication performance close to that of fully digital precoders, given an appropriate communication Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) setting and transmit antenna grouping.
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图 5 单基地模式ISAC设计的全数字逼近算法的收敛曲线
Figure 5. The convergence curves of fully digital approximation algorithm for monostatic ISAC design
图 6 角度和距离估计MSE与预设$ {\gamma }_{0} $的关系
Figure 6. MSE for angle and distance estimation versus $ {\gamma }_{0} $
图 7 BS发射阵列的波束方向图($ {\gamma }_{0}=15\;{\mathrm{dB}} $)
Figure 7. Transmit Beampattern of the BS array ($ {\gamma }_{0}=15\;{\mathrm{dB }}$)
图 9 双基地模式ISAC设计的AM算法的收敛曲线
Figure 9. The convergence curves of alternative minimization algorithm for bistatic ISAC design
图 10 聚焦在目标上的发射功率与预设$ {\gamma }_{0} $的关系
Figure 10. Power irradiated on each target versus $ {\gamma }_{0} $
图 11 聚焦在目标上的发射功率与感知目标相对位置的关系
Figure 11. Power irradiated on each target versus relative positions of multi-targets
图 12 聚焦在目标上的发射功率与通信用户相对位置的关系
Figure 12. Power irradiated on each target versus relative positions of multi-users
图 13 BS发射阵列的波束方向图($ {\gamma }_{0}=16\;\mathrm{d}\mathrm{B} $)
Figure 13. Transmit beampattern of the BS array ($ {\gamma }_{0}=16\;\mathrm{d}\mathrm{B} $)
图 14 BS发射阵列的波束方向图($ {\gamma }_{0}=17\;\mathrm{d}\mathrm{B} $)
Figure 14. Transmit beampattern of the BS array ($ {\gamma }_{0}=17\;\mathrm{d}\mathrm{B} $)
图 15 BS发射阵列的波束方向图($ {\gamma }_{0}=18\;\mathrm{d}\mathrm{B} $)
Figure 15. Transmit beampattern of the BS array ($ {\gamma }_{0}=18\;\mathrm{d}\mathrm{B} $)
1 单基地MIMO ISAC设计的全数字逼近算法
1. Fully digital approximation algorithm for monostatic MIMO ISAC design
步骤1：输入$ {\boldsymbol{W}}_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{t}}^{q}(1\le q\le Q) $，随机化$ {\boldsymbol{F}}_{\mathrm{R}\mathrm{F}}^{\left(0\right)} $ 步骤2：for $ l=0, 1, 2, \cdots $，执行(AM算法框架) 步骤3：计算$ {\boldsymbol{F}}_{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{B}}^{q\left(l\right)}=\sqrt{\dfrac{{{N}_{\mathrm{R}\mathrm{F}}\hat{P}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}^{q}}{N}}\dfrac{{\boldsymbol{F}}_{\mathrm{R}\mathrm{F}}^{{\mathrm{H}}(l-1)}{\boldsymbol{W}}_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{t}}^{q}}{{\left\|{\boldsymbol{F}}_{\mathrm{R}\mathrm{F}}^{{\mathrm{H}}(l-1)}{\boldsymbol{W}}_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{t}}^{q}\right\|}_{\rm F}} $ (根据式(42)) 步骤4：计算$ {\left[{\tilde{\boldsymbol{f}}}_{\mathrm{R}\mathrm{F}}^{\left(l\right)}\right]}_{\left(i\right)}={{\mathrm{e}}}^{{\mathrm{j}}\angle \left(\sum _{q=1}^{Q}{\left[{\boldsymbol{W}}_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{t}}^{q}\right]}_{\left(i\right)}{\left[{\boldsymbol{F}}_{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{B}}^{q\left(l\right)}\right]}_{\left(j\right)}^{\rm H}\right)} $ (根据式(45)) 步骤5：end if 收敛 步骤6：输出$ {\boldsymbol{F}}_{\mathrm{R}\mathrm{F}}^{\left(l\right)} $, $ {\boldsymbol{F}}_{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{B}}^{q\left(l\right)}(1\le q\le Q) $ 
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2 基于AM框架的双基地MIMO ISAC设计算法
2. AM-based algorithm for bistatic MIMO ISAC design
步骤1：输入随机化$ {\boldsymbol{F}}_{\mathrm{R}\mathrm{F}}^{\left(0\right)} $ 步骤2：for $ l=0, 1, 2, \cdots $，执行(外层循环) 步骤3： 设置$ m=0,{\boldsymbol{F}}_{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{B},0}^{q\left(l\right)}={\boldsymbol{F}}_{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{B}}^{q(l-1)} $，执行(内层循环) 步骤4： $ m=m+1 $ 步骤5： 求解松弛后的式(47)得到$ {\boldsymbol{F}}_{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{B}\left(m\right)}^{q\left(l\right)} $ 步骤6： end if 收敛(内层循环结束) 步骤7： else $ {\boldsymbol{F}}_{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{B},0}^{q\left(l\right)}={\boldsymbol{F}}_{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{B}\left(m\right)}^{q\left(l\right)} $ (利用SCA方法迭代求解子问题($ {\mathcal{P}}_{2-1} $)) 步骤8： 取$ {\boldsymbol{F}}_{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{B}}^{q\left(l\right)}={\boldsymbol{F}}_{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{B}\left(m\right)}^{q\left(l\right)} $，求解式(54)得到$ {\boldsymbol{F}}_{\mathrm{R}\mathrm{F}}^{\left(l\right)} $ (利用RSGD方法求解子问题($ {\mathcal{P}}_{2-2-2} $)) 步骤9： end if 收敛(外层循环结束) 步骤10： 输出$ {\boldsymbol{F}}_{\mathrm{R}\mathrm{F}}^{\left(l\right)} $, $ {\boldsymbol{F}}_{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{B}}^{q\left(l\right)}(1\le q\le Q) $
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