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摘要: 本文针对合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像多模式间分辨率和测绘带宽等参数设计的矛盾问题，提出了一种基于子带搬移拼接的FDA-SAR成像方法，可满足多模式SAR成像的不同分辨率需求。利用频率分集阵(FDA)雷达的多子带并发模式，设计了一种带宽可调控的雷达波形。详细推导了任意带宽合成信号的时频域表达式，实现了阵元方位时延和频带不一致差异补偿。分析了合成信号频谱分布关系对成像性能的影响，采用非均匀子带搬移的频谱合成方式，降低了峰值旁瓣电平，改善了成像性能。该文方法能够同时实现大观测场景粗分辨率成像和重点区域场景精细成像的信号级融合处理，仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。Abstract: In this paper, a Frequency Diverse Array (FDA)-based Synthetic-Aperture Radar (FDA-SAR) imaging method based on sub-band shifting and splicing is proposed to address the conflicting issues associated with multi-mode SAR imaging in parameter design, such as those related to resolution and imaging swath. Using the multiple-sub-band concurrent mode of a FDA radar, a radar waveform with an adjustable bandwidth is designed. The time-frequency-domain expressions of the synthesized signals with arbitrary bandwidths are derived in detail, enabling compensation for the involved azimuth-time-delay differences and inconsistent frequency bands. The effect of the spectrum distribution of the synthesized signals on the imaging performance is analyzed, and spectrum synthesis based on non-uniform sub-band shifting is adopted, which reduces the peak sidelobe level and improves the imaging performance. Finally, simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed method to simultaneously achieve signal-level fusion processing for coarse-resolution imaging of large observation scenes and fine-resolution imaging of key areas.
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图 2 A(tr)和B(tr)时域分布示意图
Figure 2. The time domain distribution curves of A(tr) and B(tr)
图 3 不同子带搬移量下合成信号时频域分布
Figure 3. Time and frequency spectrum distribution of synthetic signals with different sub-band shifts
图 5 传统SAR和FDA-SAR点阵目标成像结果
Figure 5. Point targets imaging results of traditional SAR and FDA-SAR
图 6 传统SAR和FDA-SAR距离维和方位维剖面
Figure 6. Range and azimuth profiles of traditional SAR and FDA-SAR
图 7 频带不一致相位对FDA-SAR成像的影响
Figure 7. The effect of frequency inconsistent phase on FDA-SAR imaging
图 8 不同合成信号带宽下点阵目标成像及距离维切片
Figure 8. Imaging and range profiles of point targets with different synthesized bandwidths
图 9 多分辨率场景目标成像结果
Figure 9. Multi-resolution imaging results of distributed scene targets
图 10 不同方法下距离分辨率，PSLR和ISLR性能对比
Figure 10. Range resolution, PSLR and ISLR performance comparison with different methods
表 1 仿真参数设置
Table 1. Simulation parameters
参数 数值 参数 数值 发射阵元数M 5 平台高度H 5 km 参考载频f0 9 GHz 平台速度v 150 m/s 单个子带带宽B 150 MHz 方位向天线孔径 1 m 脉冲宽度Tp 2 μs 脉冲重复频率PRF 600 Hz 
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