基于合成孔径雷达的信息超表面无源通信技术

李华; 刘开雨; 邓云凯; 李镇宁; 罗超; 李霁晨; 任韬宇; 陈峣; 徐开江

doi:10.12000/JR24228

基于合成孔径雷达的信息超表面无源通信技术

DOI: 10.12000/JR24228 CSTR: 32380.14.JR24228

李华^{1, 2},
刘开雨^{1, 2, ,},
邓云凯^{1, 2},
李镇宁¹,
罗超¹,
李霁晨¹,
任韬宇¹,
陈峣¹,
徐开江¹

1.
中国科学院空天信息创新研究院北京 100190
2.
中国科学院大学电子电气与通信工程学院北京 100049

基金项目: 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院项目(E1H31603)

详细信息

作者简介:
李　华，博士，主要研究方向为雷达通信一体化、雷达信号处理、先进电磁材料

刘开雨，正高级工程师，硕士生导师，主要研究方向为星载合成孔径雷达载荷研制、人工电磁材料SAR应用等

邓云凯，特聘研究员，博士生导师，主要研究方向为星载成像雷达系统设计、成像基础理论及微波遥感理论等

李镇宁，助理研究员，主要研究方向为星载合成孔径雷达射频系统、可重构智能超表面与信号处理

罗　超，助理研究员，主要研究方向为SAR射频微系统、星载SAR载荷中央电子设备

李霁晨，助理研究员，主要研究方向为星载SAR射频综合系统、电磁场与微波技术

任韬宇，助理研究员，主要研究方向为电磁场与微波技术、SAR天线技术

陈　峣，助理研究员，主要研究方向为雷达系统、射频电路技术

徐开江，副研究员，主要研究方向为电磁场与微波技术、计算电磁学和SAR相控阵天线技术

通讯作者:
刘开雨 liuky@aircas.ac.cn

责任主编：徐华平 Corresponding Editor: XU Huaping
中图分类号: TN929.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-19
- 修回日期: 2025-05-08

Information Metasurface Technology-enabled Integrated Passive Wireless Communication System Based on Synthetic Aperture Radar

LI Hua^{1, 2},
LIU Kaiyu^{1, 2
, ,},
DENG Yunkai^{1, 2},
LI Zhenning¹,
LUO Chao¹,
LI Jichen¹,
REN Taoyu¹,
CHEN Yao¹,
XU Kaijiang¹

1.
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2.
School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Funds: The Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences Project (E1H31603)

More Information

Corresponding author: LIU Kaiyu, liuky@aircas.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 卫星通信与星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)遥感探测的一体化技术旨在融合通信与遥感功能，实现数据传输与遥感成像的同步进行，以满足对高效、隐蔽和安全信息传输的需求，提升系统的多用途能力。然而，由于二者在波形特性、收发器设计及信号处理算法等方面存在显著差异，实现星载通信与遥感一体化系统面临诸多挑战。该研究提出了一种基于信息超表面技术的无源无线通信系统，结合SAR回波调制方法，创新性地实现了地星通信与星载SAR遥感探测的深度融合。该系统通过精确调制其SAR散射回波参数，在维持SAR遥感探测质量约束条件下实现了无源无线通信功能。在此基础上，利用电磁反向散射特性替代主动发射机制，有效保障了通信链路的电磁隐蔽性与信息安全特性。场景仿真实验与星载SAR数据实验结果验证了系统的可行性与有效性。实验结果表明，在兼容传统SAR波形体制的前提下，本系统成功实现了地星数据传输与星载SAR成像的同步运行。该研究的核心目标是推动星载SAR遥感探测系统与无线通信技术的深度融合，旨在实现频谱资源的高效利用，并探索如何将信息超表面技术有效应用于通信与遥感一体化系统中，而为该领域提供新的研究视角与技术潜力。
- 回波调制 /
- 信息超表面 /
- 通信遥感一体化 /
- 合成孔径雷达成像 /
- 无线无源通信
Abstract: The integration technology of satellite communications and spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing aims to combine communication and remote sensing functionalities, enabling simultaneous data transmission and remote sensing imaging to meet the demands of efficient, covert, and secure information transfer, enhancing system multifunctionality. However, due to significant differences between the waveform characteristics, transceiver design, and signal processing algorithms of the technologies, integrating communication and remote sensing in spaceborne systems presents numerous challenges. This study proposes a passive wireless communication system based on information metasurface technology, combined with SAR echo modulation methods, to innovatively achieve the deep integration of ground-to-space communication and spaceborne SAR remote sensing. The system precisely modulates the scattering parameters of SAR echoes to enable passive wireless communication without affecting the quality of SAR imaging. Additionally, by leveraging electromagnetic backscatter properties instead of active transmission mechanisms, the system effectively ensures the electromagnetic concealment and information security of the communication link. A series of scene simulation experiments and spaceborne SAR data experiments were performed, which validated the system’s feasibility and effectiveness. Results indicate that while maintaining compatibility with traditional SAR waveform structures, the proposed system successfully achieved the synchronous operation of ground-to-space data transmission and spaceborne SAR imaging. The core objective of this research was to promote the deep integration of spaceborne SAR remote sensing systems and wireless communication technologies, aiming for the efficient utilization of spectrum resources and exploring the application of information metasurface technology in communication–remote sensing integrated systems, providing new research perspectives and technological potential in this field.
- Echo modulation /
- Information metasurface /
- Integration of communication and remote sensing /
- Synthetic aperture radar imaging /
- Passive wireless communication

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图 1 基于星载SAR系统的信息超表面联合无源无线通信系统

Figure 1. Passive communication system based on information Metasurface for SAR

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图 2 信息超表面的不同工作模式

Figure 2. Different operating modes of the information Metasurface

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图 3 基于信息超表面的无线通信系统的通信响应的几何模型

Figure 3. Geometric model of communication response for information metasurface-based wireless communication systems

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图 4 信息超表面点目标散射的SAR LFM信号的频谱及其对应的调制相位

Figure 4. Spectrum of SAR LFM signal scattered by information Metasurface point targets and corresponding modulation phases

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图 5 1-bit可编程的时空编码信息超表面

Figure 5. 1-bit programmable spatiotemporal encoding information metasurface

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图 6 C波段宽带信息超表面单元电场分布(@6 GHz)

Figure 6. Electric field distribution of C-band information metasurface unit (@6 GHz)

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图 7 C波段宽带信息超表面单元

Figure 7. C-band broadband information metasurface unit

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图 8 模拟退火算法优化流程图

Figure 8. Flowchart of the simulated annealing algorithm optimization

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图 9 不同编码的C波段信息超表面远场辐射特性(@6 GHz)

Figure 9. Far-field radiation characteristics of C-band information metasurface with different encodings (@6 GHz)

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图 10 目标的分布

Figure 10. Target distribution

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图 11 经过信息超表面调制的点目标P₅的分析

Figure 11. Analysis of point target P₅ modulated by information metasurface

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图 12 未经调制的点目标P₁的分析

Figure 12. Analysis of unmodulated point target P₁

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图 14 不同强度的SAR散射背景场景图像

Figure 14. SAR scattering background scene images with different intensities

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图 15 通信系统平台的非理想抖动情况

Figure 15. Non-ideal jitter conditions of the communication system platform

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图 16 通信系统平台非理想抖动对通信性能的影响分析

Figure 16. Analysis of the impact of non-ideal jitter on communication system performance

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图 17 高分3号SAR数据仿真验证

Figure 17. Simulation verification of Gaofen-3 SAR data

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图 18 星载SAR数据验证结果

Figure 18. Satellite-based SAR data validation results

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表 1 不同编码的C波段信息超表面散射系数幅值和相位

Table 1. Scattering coefficient magnitude and phase of C-band information metasurface with different encodings

编码序列	幅值(dB)	相位(°)
1111111…1111111	26.25	187
0111111…1111110	24.33	177
…	…	…
0001110…0111000	15.27	69
0111011…0111110	19.89	51
0000000…0000000	32.92	0.1

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表 2 高分-3卫星轨道参数

Table 2. Orbital parameters of Gaofen-3 satellite

参数	数值
偏心率	0.0015
升交点	0°
倾角	98.4°
半长轴	7126.4 km
近地点俯角	270°

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表 3 高分3号卫星雷达系统参数

Table 3. SAR system parameters of Gaofen-3 satellite

参数	数值
波长	5.55 cm
传输带宽	120 MHz
采样率	133.33 MHz
孔径中心斜视角	0°
中心观测角	32.57°
等效地面速度	6735.52 m/s
标称多普勒质心	16.857 kHz
脉冲重复频率	1.996 kHz
场景中心分辨率(距离 × 方位)	2.5 m × 3.0 m

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表 4 不同相位编码模式下点目标成像指标

Table 4. Imaging metrics of point targets under different phase encoding modes

相位编码模式	方位向			距离向
相位编码模式	IRW (m)	PSLR (dB)	ISLR (dB)	IRW (m)	PSLR (dB)	ISLR (dB)
图13(a)	3.00	–13.26	–10.15	2.51	–13.26	–10.10
图13(b)	3.00	–13.26	–10.15	2.51	–13.26	–10.10
图13(c)	–	–	–	–	–	–
图13(d)	–	–	–	–	–	–
图13(e)	3.03	–13.25	–9.58	2.54	–12.34	–9.46

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表 5 不同SAR散射背景下的系统通信性能分析结果

Table 5. System communication analysis for different SAR scattering backgrounds

场景类型	RCS均值($ {\sigma _{{\text{env}}}} $)	BER₁	$ {\varGamma _{{\text{com1}}}} $	$ {P_{{\text{clutter}}}}/{{P_{\inf 1}}} $	BER₂	$ {\varGamma _{{\text{com2}}}} $	$ P_{{\text{clutter}}}/{{P_{\inf 2}}} $
海洋区域(中国南海)	–7.4 dBsm	0.17%	1.117	30.15	\	\	\
城市区域(北京朝阳)	14.7 dBsm	5.83%	0.103	299.46	2.77%	0.649	122.70
森林区域(海南雨林)	2.2 dBsm	1.08%	0.931	34.73	0.89%	1.022	31.50

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