一种快速的全波形高光谱激光雷达的反射率光谱曲线重建方法

邵慧 张胡龙 戴慧 陈育伟 孙龙 徐恒 李幸运

邵慧, 张胡龙, 戴慧, 等. 一种快速的全波形高光谱激光雷达的反射率光谱曲线重建方法[J]. 雷达学报(中英文), 待出版. doi: 10.12000/JR24214
引用本文: 邵慧, 张胡龙, 戴慧, 等. 一种快速的全波形高光谱激光雷达的反射率光谱曲线重建方法[J]. 雷达学报(中英文), 待出版. doi: 10.12000/JR24214
SHAO Hui, ZHANG Hulong, DAI Hui, et al. Fast reflectance spectral profile reconstruction method for full-waveform hyperspectral lidar[J]. Journal of Radars, in press. doi: 10.12000/JR24214
Citation: SHAO Hui, ZHANG Hulong, DAI Hui, et al. Fast reflectance spectral profile reconstruction method for full-waveform hyperspectral lidar[J]. Journal of Radars, in press. doi: 10.12000/JR24214

一种快速的全波形高光谱激光雷达的反射率光谱曲线重建方法

DOI: 10.12000/JR24214
基金项目: 安徽省教育厅自然科研重点项目(2023AH050181),安徽建筑大学科研储备库培育项目(2022XMK04)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    邵 慧,博士,教授。主要研究方向为激光雷达、图像处理和高光谱遥感

    张胡龙,硕士,主要研究方向为高光谱激光雷达、激光雷达数据处理和三维建模

    戴 慧,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为雷达信息感知、地域建筑设计及其理论和建筑遗产保护与传承方法

    陈育伟,博士,教授。主要研究方向为新型光电载荷、超光谱主动成像

    孙 龙,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为雷达信号处理、雷达成像、电子侦察、干扰及其基于人工智能算法的雷达及电子对抗技术

    徐 恒,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为雷达信息感知、无线通信、物联网和室内定位

    李幸运,硕士,主要研究方向为高光谱激光雷达、激光雷达数据处理

    通讯作者:

    邵慧 shaohui@ahjzu.edu.cn

  • 责任主编:王成 Corresponding Editor: WANG Cheng
  • 中图分类号: TN957.51

Fast reflectance spectral profile reconstruction method for full-waveform hyperspectral LiDAR

Funds: Key Research Project of Natural Science in Anhui Province (2023AH050181), Reserve Fund for Research Projects of Anhui Jianzhu University (2022XMK04)
More Information
  • 摘要: 全波形高光谱激光雷达(HSL)在获得高精度、高分辨率的空间数据的同时,还能获得目标的光谱信息,可为不同研究和应用领域提供有效和多维的数据。然而,HSL不同波段发射信号强度存在差异,会导致相应回波信号的差异,难以直接利用回波信号来重建目标在不同波段下准确的光学特性(目标的反射率光谱分布曲线)。以往研究通常利用标准漫反射白板法来获取目标的反射率光谱曲线(标准参照板法)。但在某些复杂的检测环境中白板易受污染,且激光器的发射能量会因环境和设备状态的变化出现波动,进而影响计算精度。因此,从全波形信号本身直接提取信息用于反射率光谱曲线重建是一种快捷的途径。基于此,我们提出一种基于 HSL 全波形数据的回波强度校正方法,用于快速生成目标的反射率光谱曲线。首先,通过理论分析,证明回波与发射波在形状上的相似性。然后,对HSL全波形的发射信号和回波信号进行偏正态高斯函数拟合,计算各波段在理想情况下标准漫反射白板的发射信号与回波信号峰值比值(归一化因子)。最后,通过结合标准漫反射白板的归一化因子与目标的归一化因子来构建目标的反射率光谱分布曲线。为验证本文方法的有效性,我们将其与基于标准漫反射板计算的反射率光谱曲线进行了对比实验,并进行木叶分离和目标分类实验以评估其适用性。实验结果表明:(1)利用发射信号校正回波强度,可以获得与标准参照板法相似的反射率光谱曲线。并且在不同温度及光照条件下均表现出良好的稳定性;与标准漫反射白板法相比,该方法有效克服了激光器发射能量波动的影响,尤其在HSL长时间工作条件下,显著提升了反射率光谱曲线的测量精度和一致性。(2)在实际应用中,基于本文方法获得的目标反射率光谱曲线能够快速实现木叶分离,且对果树目标分类准确率超过90%。本文方法简化了全波形高光谱激光雷达的回波强度校正流程,可在数据采集过程中实时快速重建目标高光谱信息。

     

  • 图  1  HSL的原理图与样机

    Figure  1.  Schematic diagram and prototype of HSL

    图  2  扫描轨迹图

    Figure  2.  Scanning trajectory diagram

    图  3  单波长下采集到的全波形信号(750 nm)

    Figure  3.  Full waveform signal acquired at a single wavelength (750 nm)

    图  4  HSL发射信号和回波信号的峰值分布

    Figure  4.  Peak distributions of HSL transmitting and echo signal

    图  5  本文方法框图

    Figure  5.  Block diagram of the proposed method

    图  6  标准漫反射白板的回波信号的拟合

    Figure  6.  Fitting of the echo signal of the standard diffuse whiteboard

    图  7  本文方法校正前的标准漫反射白板发射信号、回波信号的强度分布以及校正后的反射率光谱曲线

    Figure  7.  The intensity distribution of the standard diffuse reflectance whiteboard transmitting and echo signals before correction by the proposed method, and the reflectance spectral profiles after correction

    图  8  不同样本校正后的反射率光谱曲线

    Figure  8.  Reflectance spectral profile of different samples after correction

    图  9  本文方法校正前的发财树发射信号、回波信号的强度分布以及校正后的反射率光谱曲线

    Figure  9.  The intensity distribution of Pachira macrocarpa transmitting and echo signals before correction by the proposed method, and the reflectance spectral profile after correction

    图  10  发财树木叶分离前后的点云

    Figure  10.  Point cloud of Pachira macrocarpa before and after wood-leaf separation

    图  11  700 nm波段下柠檬树的原始点云

    Figure  11.  The raw point cloud of Citrus limon in the 700 nm

    图  12  不同反射率光谱曲线分类结果

    Figure  12.  Classification results with spectral profiles corrected by different methods

    表  1  HSL 的系统参数

    Table  1.   System parameters of HSL

    参数数值
    光谱范围550~1050 nm
    光谱分辨率
    输出效率
    光束发散角
    采样速率
    5 nm
    >40%
    ~0.35 mrad
    5 GHz/s
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  实验样本

    Table  2.   Experimental sample

    样本 名称 扫描时间 点数 图片
    1 标准漫反射参照板 9 s 3
    2 绿萝
    (Epipremnum aureum)
    9 s 3
    3 铁板
    (iron plate)
    9 s 3
    4 纸板(cardboard) 9 s 3
    5 发财树
    (Pachira macrocarpa)
    1.5 h 1810
    6 柠檬树
    (Citrus limon)
    2.5 h 3016
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2024-10-24
  • 修回日期:  2025-02-23

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